The Children and Young Persons Act (the law) was primarily passed to create provisions for the welfare of the young and the treatment of young offenders, and for the formation of juvenile Courts., Legal Framework for Juvenile Sentencing and Punishment in Nigeria, A sentence of the Court can be defined as a punishment on a defendant once a criminal trial is concluded and a guilty verdict has been rendered. 3 0 obj <>stream Explains that prisons are institutions that place physical confined for individuals who have been charged with a criminal offense. In practice, however, age usually served as a mitigating factor in punishments accorded to children. Enter your email address to subscribe to Opinion Nigeria newsletter. Explains that the united nations human rights commission has passed a resolution calling for all nations that continue to execute to restrict the number of offences for which the death penalty may be imposed and to suspend executions. endobj Explains that the current death penalty statutes in the united states violate contemporary standards of decency and various international treaties, because they allow the execution of the mentally disabled and minors. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Explains that people are misinformed about the death penalty. show more content. The following are the hierarchy of courts in Nigeria: It is provided for under Section 230 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). prisoners under death sentence. Hon. x+ | Correctional Education. <>stream Narrates how they were arrested by police and thrown into a cell. 0000005957 00000 n Opines that execution saves innocents. 7 0 obj Copyright 2000-2023. Opines that even with death penalty, most killers walk. Would you like email updates of new search results? and transmitted securely. Presents an advanced and highly secure ict learning network for all inmates within existing cultural proson practices. 0000006093 00000 n Describes the legality of killing people by the state. endobj WebJuvenile courts have jurisdiction over all cases involving children or young persons except in the following circumstances: Section 8(2) of the CYPL provides that where a child or 27 0 obj %PDF-1.3 % Secure .gov websites use HTTPS pretrial motions, expert witness fees, jury selection and the necessity of two trials per gregg v. Explains that a single trial can mean bankruptcy, tax increases, and the laying off of personnel such as police officers. Describes the crimes reported by the police: homicide. A deep look into juveniles in adult prisons. Analyzes sharp, dudley, "mental retardation and the death penalty". Explains that capital punishment has existed in the us since colonial times. Opines that capital punishment and mental retardation are international human rights law. From 1930 until 1967, 3859 people were executed in the US, 3334 for murder (www. endobj It is a court of coordinate jurisdiction with the Federal High Court and the National Industrial Court. based education : Optimistic theory versus pessimistic worldview. Compares the cost of the death penalty versus life imprisonment, stating that it is more expensive than keeping a criminal imprisoned for life without parole. It functions as a court of summary judgement. Fundamentally, each state of the Federation continues to use the Children and Young Persons Act as the model statute for the administration of juvenile justice. Opines that educating prisoners is less likely to return to prison. The author discusses some Western delinquency theories that could be applicable to Nigeria; these include some family-based theories, differential association, economic conditions, urban conditions, social control, and culture conflict. Explains that there are racial prejudices in the execution of the death penalty. Opines that america still leads industrialized world in handgun homicide, despite gains made since brady law. Explains baicker, katherine, "the budgetary repercussions of capital convictions". endobj they argue that the wisest position for a presidential candidate is to avoid religious arguments. both sides seem to be able to crunch the numbers and make strong, if somewhat wrong, arguments. 1 0 obj It has original jurisdiction in civil matters and cases as set out under Section 251 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). <> Yet juveniles were tried in the same courts as adults until the Juvenile Court of Law was founded in Chicago in 1899. In 1993, while only 15% of the juvenile population was black, black youths were involved in 28% of all arrests and 50% of all violent crime arrests. endobj The site is secure. Explains that the bureau of justice statistics began keeping statistics on capital punishment nationwide from 1930 until 1967. the supreme court ruled that cp laws were arbitrary and capricious and constituted cruel and unusual punishment. Explains that the process is still in effect 50 years after it was implemented. 0000001992 00000 n Updates? endobj endobj that the death penalty reduces crime because it, Robinson, R.L. scheidegger states numerous examples of people spending up to 20 years on death row repeatedly filing redundant appeals to state and federal judges. Opines that failure to retaliate will be looked at as a sign of weakness. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The Child Rights Act[3] defines a Child under Section 277 as a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years. A child between the ages of 7-12 wills not, normally he held responsible for his actions unless it can be proved that at the time of committing the offense, he had the capacity to know that he ought not to do it. (Okagbue, 2000). Explains that the high price of execution is most deeply felt in the counties responsible for both prosecution and defense of capital defendants. It is provided for under Section 277 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). 45 0 obj A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Explains that capital punishment is likely to deter more than other punishments, because people fear death deliberately inflicted by law and schedule by the courts. endstream (Those under 14 are designated as children, and those over 14 and under 17 are classified as young persons.) Offenders aged 17 and over appear in the normal adult courts, though special sentencing provisions apply to offenders under the age of 21. The care order is only one of many sanctions available to the English youth court and is used only in a minority of the cases that come before it. youth advocates, judges, and police have been critical of the movement to federalize crimes already handled by states. Retrieved 21 March, 2008 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4111/is_200412/ai_n9466371/ Therefore, if there is no hierarchy of courts, this cannot be achieved. xS* b) Children and Young Persons Act. Describes the us embassy in france's "death penalty in the united states". The concept of delinquency, as well as special trials and institutions for confining and controlling youth, was established in the mid-19th century in Great Britain, where courts acquired the authority to intervene as parens patriae (Latin: parent of the land) to protect the property rights of children. has increased during the 1990's (Winters 103-107). stream Children are also subject to specialized laws, procedures, and policies designed to protect their interests when parents or other legal guardians are unavailable, negligent, or involved in custodial disputes. Disclaimer. endstream Vacca, J. S. (2004). endstream Equally precarious is the countrys unsustainable debt profile. Opines that capital punishment will continue to be controversial as long as it exists because it polarizes people's views and allows for wide interpretation of its legal, moral and financial legitimacy. The Debate of Reinstating Capital Punishment in Britain, The Costs of the Death Penalty in the United States, Capital Punishment Essay - The Death Penalty in the United States Argumentative Persuasive Essays, The Development and Provison of Prison Library for Juvenile. Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and Director, Center for the Study of Violence in Society. R Furthermore, considering the number of courts in Nigeria, it is worthy of note to state that there are competent judicial officers that are strategically positioned to handle and resolve disputes seamlessly in Nigeria. Explains that death penalty opponents feel that it leads to an increase in crime because it desensitizes people to violence and sends the message that violence is an acceptable means of resolving conflicts. uaa). Nigeria has not adopted certain for criminal responsibility. Provided that the child was over the minimum age for criminal responsibility (originally seven) and had mischievous discretion (the ability to tell right from wrong), the child was fully liable as an adult to the penalties provided by the law. Explains that the death penalty does not deter crime, citing a study on the years spanning from 1973 to 1984. endstream Narrates how police had told him that signing it would be to his benefit. endstream Describes the contents of the american civil liberties union freedom network, capital punishment, and the death penalty. Describes those with money and those without money. endobj The major disadvantage of the Nigerian court system is that there are inadequate judges in each court system, and the judges are thereby overwhelmed with a plethora of cases which causes protracted delays in resolving simple disputes through a court process by the litigants. Official websites use .gov <> 41 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 43 /H [ 820 216 ] /L 43489 /E 9782 /N 12 /T 42551 >> endobj xref 41 19 0000000016 00000 n Epub 2020 Dec 5. 0000000820 00000 n 23 0 obj However, the various courts established in Nigeria can only exercise their responsibility to adjudicate in accordance with the jurisdiction granted to it by the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. endobj can the police, courts, and the system be trusted to get things right on every occasion? The judgment of the Code of Conduct Court can be appealed to the Court of Appeal. In the case of the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, the number of judges is determined by the State House of Assembly and National Assembly. in 1994, the state of texas executed robert nelson drew even after another man confessed to the murder. By Omolade Animashaun, Associate at Resolution Law Firm, Khashoggi: Turkish court expands list of Saudis charged with murder, APC urgently requires experienced party managers, PDP Rejects Scheme, Says It Is Politically Motivated Channels Television. Nigerias Adoption Authority Magistrate Court of State of the childs place of birth. Opines that prisoners must have knives even if they cannot afford a gun. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. haag believes that justice is independent of distributional inequalities. trailer << /Size 60 /Info 36 0 R /Root 42 0 R /Prev 42541 /ID[<86ebeab751945690def48feadb92dfce>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 42 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 39 0 R /Metadata 37 0 R /PageLabels 35 0 R >> endobj 58 0 obj << /S 82 /L 131 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 59 0 R >> stream <>stream Explains the bureau of justice statistics' "key facts at a glance: prisoners on death row by race.". Each district in Nigeria has one court that acts as both a Magistrate Court (when the judge is presiding over a criminal case) and a District Court (when the judge is Cites markman as a former u.s. attorney general and gallup poll taken in 1995. california alone spends $90 million annually, with $78 million going towards judicial process. Explains that african-american defendants were almost four times more likely to receive the death penalty than people of other ethnic origin who committed similar crimes. Cites the u.s. department of justice's sourcebook of criminal justice statistics 2002. state correctional facilities provide mental health screening and treatment. 0000001036 00000 n Explains that prison department used prison regulations 2000 for the general principles of prison administration. At all stages of the juvenile court process, there is an overrepresentation of black youths in relation to their representation in the population at large. x+ | The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice of Nigeria. Webthe court.175 Juvenile courts in many jurisdictions are understaffed and overworked.176 Within the judiciary it is often difficult to persuade those judicial officers with administrative In the cases that it is not reported to the police, it usually directed at family members and neighbors. 4 0 obj x+ | Explains that prisoners may receive reading materials from outside the prison under such conditions as the officer-in-charge may determine. xS* Virtual Appointments. Explains that the united nations convention on the rights of the child covers the treatment of juvenile offenders by the government and the juvenile justice system. It is headed by a Grand Kadi and contains a number of Kadis. Today, there are generally five methods of execution used in the US. sociology: social foundations of public issues, mcgraw hill, 2003. endstream States that holland, gina, "justices look at the execution of the mental ill". x\6qt{[08vd`@YI>SLfw_Oy_iM?W}qw|o/o? _w?Oo?RU~/ {T4mP7LUM~Go>BV\6. A juvenile is a person who has not reached the legal age at which the criminal justice system should consider as adults. In America the concept of imprisonment came because of deep religious beliefs. Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen) which executes people (1994). It is provided for under Section 280 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). journal of correctional education. Explains that this act has made a large impact on the legislation in nigeria dealing with juveniles. Explains robinson, bruce a., "capital punishment; the death penalty". WebExtant revised NJC Guidelines and Procedural rules for the appointment of Judicial Officers of all superior courts of record in Nigeria are as follows: Read More. 0000006954 00000 n Explains prison is an institution for the confinement of persons convicted of criminal offenses. In Nigeria, there is no legal definition when defining if a child or group of children is alleged to have minor criminal activity. xS* ruth ellis might also hang because she was sain, while beverley allitt, who murdered four small children, would be reprieved after having munchausen's syndrome by proxy. The Children and Young Persons Act 2 is the major piece of legislation dealing with matters affecting children and young persons in Nigeria. lle-ife in 197- and A Juvenile is a term that can be used to refer to a child, minor, or young adult. https://www.britannica.com/topic/juvenile-justice, Cornell University Law School - Juvenile Justice. Pinderhughes EE, Dodge KA, Bates JE, Pettit GS, Zelli A. J Fam Psychol. In America, the word juvenile is used to define an age for a young person who commits a crime but in Nigeria there is no record or indication of the juvenile word on any documents that is used in the legislation. The Courts of General Criminal Jurisdiction include the following: Area/Customary Courts Magistrate Court High Courts of State/FCT, Abuja, Court of Appeal Supreme Court Appellate General Criminal Jurisdiction Section 255 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) provides for a High Court in each of the states in Nigeria and in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Historically, an increase in juvenile crime (such as the late 20th-century rise in juvenile gun offenses in the United States) has been followed by calls for the reinstatement of corporal punishment in those regions where it had been prohibited. R Call Peter. According to Mboho and Udousoro (2014), juvenile justice does not 5 0 obj R There is only one Supreme Court in Nigeria which is located in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. <>stream endstream The first juvenile court session Nigeria was held in Lagos sometime in the 1940's; it was another 10 years before juvenile courts were regularly convened in each of the country's three regions. Psychiatric disorders among detained youths: a comparison of youths processed in juvenile court and adult criminal court. The English Quaker William Penn abolished the death penalty for most crimes in they also have serious doubts about the fairness of the imposing of death sentences. Early common law made no special provision for children who committed crimes. It is a well-known fact in law that jurisdiction is the ladder for establishing court authority. Embassy of the Republic of Nigeria 3519 International Court, N.W. Explains that the nigeria juvenile justice system is the country that they chose to focus on while presenting their term paper. Opines that the bop pays %PDF-1.5 This will enable all cases where a child is involved, whether as offender or Opines that the death penalty remains a controversial issue in the united states, even though 80% of the population is in favor of it. Suggests reinstatement of mandatory death sentences for specific crimes, which was deemed unconstitutional by the supreme court in 1976. Explains that the modern juvenile justice system is a relatively recent invention as the history can be traced to the late 1800s. On such charges, a young person will nearly always be tried as an adult. It is the 3rd in rank of courts in Nigeria. Describes the environments where a knife to one's throat or metal pipe to the back of the body is used. <> Web2.2 Hierarchy and Structure of the Courts 17 2.3 Court Data Collection and Statistics 19 3. The Childs Right Act is Nigerias most comprehensive piece of legislation addressing all matters pertaining to children. All rights reserved. 30 0 obj Recommends that the candidate sign international treaties promising to not actively implement the death penalty, but not abolishing the entire system, and propose a moratorium until more studies have been conducted. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A criminal defense lawyer who has dedicated his life to fighting for you when it matters most. <>stream endstream Explains that clayton joel glowers is awaiting execution in holman prison. felons. It is composed of the President of the National Industrial Court and is divided into multiple judicial departments for administrative convenience. Educated prisoners are less likely to return to prison. Coauthor of. Explains that the death penalty has been abolished de jure or de facto by 106 nations since 1990, but it continues to be commonly applied in other nations. endobj Growing public concern about the rise in violent juvenile crime is borne out by increases in the juvenile court's caseload, which rose 23% between 1989 and 1993. This combination of two different roles in the youth court was a source of difficulty and controversy for many years, particularly because the court in its criminal jurisdiction was required by law to have regard to the welfare of the child or young person and, if satisfied that it was necessary to do so, remove the youth from unsatisfactory surroundings for his own good, irrespective of the gravity of the offense. -By Richard Odusanya, Low Hanging Fruits For Tinubunomics By Adebayo Sodade, Open Letter to the President-elect -By Garba Abdullahi Mustapha, NANCA: How quota system as practice in Nigeria is destroying Nigerian community in Austria By Uzoma Ahamefule, Referendum; The Alternative Remedy For Ethnically ill and Warring States -By Nweke Daniel, 10th Senate: Will Tinubu/APC Adopt Inclusivity Or Status Quo?

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