are timber-productive land. The highest temperature recorded was 113 F (45 C) at Midale and Yellow Grass, both in Saskatchewan, in 1937. Arguably, Canada's most crucial geographic feature is the Canadian Shield - an area formed mainly of volcanic rock covered with a thin layer of soil. New to climate change? Each is home to rock of different ages, types and formation characteristics, as well as different mineral deposits. In other words, the "Shield" from Canadian Shield and "Boreal" from Boreal and Taiga forest were combined together to make the name Boreal Shield. Several factorsnamely, the solar elevation angle, day length, and snow coverconspire to produce this cold climate. Plate tectonics refers to the movement and collision of the Earths outer crust. Climate The Shield has man y climate changes. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Change in temperature is slower in deep water than it is on the land, resulting in warmer autumns and cooler springs than similar continental longitudes, plus lake-effect frost and snow in the winter. The average temperatures range from 59 degrees F (15 degrees C) in the summer to -31 degrees F (-35 degrees C) in winter. This process is known as the winterization of summer. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. However, by some definitions these submerged regions are not technically part of the Shield since they are not on the surface. In the southern part, there are very cold snowy winters, while the summers are warm and long. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The metamorphic base rocks are mostly from the Precambrian (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago) and have been repeatedly uplifted and eroded. The warmest month is July, with an average high-temperature of 22.3C (72.1F) and an average low-temperature of 11.5C (52.7F). The ice in turn suppresses solar radiation, holding cool temperatures on nearby land into June and July. Learn about Canadas weather station monitoring network and how long-term observations from these stations help build Canadas climate record. It covers 8,000,000 square kilometers. The Canadian Shield, particularly the portion in the Northwest Territories, has recently been the site of several major diamond discoveries. . Soil quality, climate and economic competition are three reasons there is so little farming in the Canadian Shield. The ice, in moving to the south, scraped the land bare of its overlying mantle of weathered rock. Read on to discover 10 major geographical features that shape the climate of Canada. Winters in the Canadian Shield are fantastic for skiing and building snowmen. Long, severe winters last up to 6 months, with average temperatures below freezing. The location in regards to east and west does not really matter as much as north and south. Answers for geologist, scientists, spacecraft operators. The data displayed is for the ~10 km x 6 km grid cell within which the selected location lies. The lowest temperature ever recorded was 81 F (63 C) at Snag, Yukon, in 1947. Animals in the Arctic portion of the Shield include polar bears, Arctic fox, Arctic hares, snowy owls and rock ptarmigan. Moving north into the tundra, wildlife, like vegetation, becomes increasingly sparse. The northeastern portion, however, became tilted up so that, in northern Labrador and Baffin Island, the land rises to more than 1,500 metres (5,000 feet) above sea level. Other birds include boreal owls , great horned owls, blue jays and white-throated sparrows, while mammals include caribou, deer, wolves, lynx, moose, black bears and beavers . Just another site canadian shield climate graph The processes that formed the Canadian Shield have taken over three billion years to get where it is now. Learning from Indigenous people, coureurs de bois, voyageurs and explorers used the birchbark canoe to travel and trade along the Shields many waterways. While Canada's fertility rate is 1.53 births per woman, below the population replacement rate, the population continues to grow as migration plays an increasing role in the population. Deforestation only occurs when forests are permanently removed so the land can be used for something else. 1 What is the climate of Canadian Shield? If underground areas are included, the Canadian Shield covers even more area. It snows approximately nine months a year, leaving three months for a cool, short summer(average temperature 14.8C). Summer temperatures in the city are not as hot and the winter temperatures are not as cold as others. The rocks that now form the surface of the Shield were once far below the Earth's surface. [3] As a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, the Shield stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada and most of Greenland; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the United States. The northeastern portion, however, became tilted up so that, in northern Labrador and Baffin Island, the land rises to more than 1,500 metres (5,000 feet) above sea level. Tundras Explained Barren tundra lands are home to hardy flora and fauna and are one of Earths coldest, harshest biomes. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Learn why looking at a set of climate models, rather than a single one, can lend confidence to decisions. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. How many hours of Daylight does the Canadian Shield have? Because a large portion of the worlds boreal zone lies in Canada (28% or 552 million hectares), this countrys boreal forest affects the health of the environment worldwide. This climate is considered to be Dfb according to the Kppen-Geiger climate classification. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The UN has warned that the world needs to . It is considered the first region in North America to be elevated permanently above sea level, not having been subsequently submerged by encroachments of the oceans. This arrangement was caused by severe glaciation during the ice age, which covered the Shield and scraped the rock clean. Typical Canadian Shield: pines, lakes, bogs, and rock. Later, beginning in the mid-1800s, railway construction meant blasting through Canadian Shield rock, exposing valuable minerals in the process. Omissions? Showing: The Labrador Current brings cold water south of the Arctic. Without mountains, forests, valleys, cliffs, or large rivers to influence wind, precipitation, or sun cover, tundra is home to dry, cold temperatures that do not rise above 50oF during its summer and ten months of below freezing. The average temperature in Quebec is 4.8 C. The rocks that now form the surface of the shield were once far below the earth's surface. Listing total number of features into an ArcGIS Online feature pop-up, Coldest 1. Some of the regions natural resources include timber, such as maple, birch, aspen, fir and spruce; water from rivers and lakes created by long-retreated glaciers; and minerals, such as titanium, uranium, copper, iron, nickel, gold, zinc, silver, platinum and diamonds. The growing season of about 120 days coincides with summer daylight averaging about 15 hours, while winter daylight averages about 8.5 hours. Canada's topography is dominated by the Canadian Shield, an ice-scoured area of Precambrian rocks surrounding Hudson Bay and covering half the country. That is half of the Canadian amount. The Shield can be divided into seven geologically distinct regions sometimes referred to as provinces. Comparable to sandpaper on wood, these forces slowly wore down the mountains, so that by about 800 million years ago, the low-relief surface of the Shield had been created. It does not store any personal data. Human beings, which have a role as stewards of creation, have a deep curiosity to understand nature, and this is reflected in identifying the Canadian Shield and its ecological and scientific values. The population in the Canadian Shield is somewhere around 7 million . 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Weathered Precambrian pillow lava in the Temagami Greenstone Belt, Folded Precambrian gneiss of the Canadian Shield in Georgian Bay, Ontario, Typical Canadian Shield landscape: spruce, lakes, bogs, and rock. Unique geographic features and formations can significantly impact the climate in an area. Most often they are bordered by belts of folded Cambrian rocks. The largest, and one of the best known, is Greater Sudbury, Ontario. While the east coast of North America frequently suffers from cyclonic weather, the Appalachians flatten and slow incoming cold fronts, weakening the winds and causing a course shift to the south and east of the mountain range. Throughout the Shield there are many mining towns extracting these minerals. Past weather data includes: temperature, snow, snow on ground, precipitation, rain, wind speed and direction, heating and cooling degree days, visibility, humidex, wind chill and relative humidity in Canada. Mountains have deep roots and float on the denser mantle much like an iceberg at sea. Summers in this part of Canada can bring humidity and warm temperatures, averaging 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Although the Arctic is technically a desert due to its low precipitation of 10 inches annually - by comparison the Gobi Desert has 7 inches per year - Canadas only other desert, the Okanagan, is home to traditional desert fare such as cactus, rattlesnakes, and a hot, arid, climate that enjoys 2,000 hours of sunlight a year. This arrangement was caused by severe glaciation during the ice age, which covered the Shield and scraped the rock clean. Given the prominence of the boreal forest throughout the Canadian Shield, forestry is also a prominent industry. The Canadian Shieldalso called the Laurentian Plateau, Laurentian Shield, Bouclier Canadien (French), or Precambrian Shieldis the massive U-shaped, almost circular region of the Earth that has extensive exposed Precambrian rock, forms the nucleus of North America, and extends from Lake Superior on the south to the Arctic Islands on the north, and from western Canada eastward to most of Greenland, including in the United States the Adirondack Mountains in the northeast and the Northern Highlands in Wisconsin. Common coniferous trees include white and black spruce; jack, red, white and eastern white pine; balsam fir; tamarack; eastern hemlock; and eastern red cedar. Precipitation comes in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail. 2018 2023 ClimateData.ca. The Canadian Shield is a U-shaped subsection of the Laurentia craton signifying the area of greatest glacial impact (scraping down to bare rock) creating the thin soils. The Great Lakes have a significant impact on the Canadian climate. Some of the highest producing hydroelectric dams include Churchill Falls, Labrador, and James Bay, Qubec. The climate in Quebec is cold and temperate. While at times a barrier to settlement, the Shield has also yielded great resources, including minerals, coniferous forests and the capacity for hydroelectric developments. It[clarification needed] was split[when?] The cold, highly saline water of the northern Atlantic sometimes forms an anomaly called the cold blob that results in unseasonably warm temperatures in the maritime provinces. The Canadian Shield also contains iron ore, including deposits near Wawa, Ontario. climate change, global climate change, global warming, natural hazards, Earth, environment, remote sensing, atmosphere, land processes, oceans, volcanoes, land cover . The Canadian Shield makes up about 50 per cent of Canada. An outline of the Canadian Shield would give the appearance of a warrior's shield or a giant horseshoe. Distinct for its mix of coniferous and deciduous trees, high latitude location, and ability to grow in sub zero temperatures 6 to 8 months per year, boreal forests cover vast expanses in Canada, Alaska, and Russia. Climate is not only wholly dependent on these regions, however. Composed almost entirely of volcanic rock, often exposed to the elements or with a thin layer of topsoil, the Canadian Shield is one of the most defining geographic features of Canada. The Canadian Shield, a hilly region of lakes and swamps, stretches across northern Canada and has some of the oldest rocks on Earth. . What is the climate in Canadian Shield? The rock, or crust, is also known as the North American Craton. Given its vast latitudinal reach and widely varying geography, it is unsurprising that Canada experiences several different climatic regions. While at times a barrier to settlement, the Shield has also yielded great resources, including minerals, coniferous forests and the capacity for hydroelectric developments. As mountains erode, their roots rise and are eroded in turn. Here it is not the presence of geographical features, but the lack of them, that impacts the climate. Today it consists largely of an area of low relief 300610m (9802,000ft) above sea level with a few monadnocks and low mountain ranges (including the Laurentian Mountains) probably eroded from the plateau during the Cenozoic Era.

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