/Border [0 0 0] Home Office Deduction. Kapak pouches are also not a good choice for fresh plant material. /S /URI 4 0 obj Since most identified metabolic processes stop at temperatures below the glass transition phase (the transformation from liquid to a glassy state), cryopreservation reduces the risk of microbial contamination or cross contamination with other tissue or cell samples. When collecting evidence as an investigator, you must protect materials with proper packaging. /Type /Action Northeastern University Press, Boston, p 174, Hongjun D (2011) Application of principles for collecting electronic evidence in judicial practices. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Semen and seminal stains. Elimination samples Once a stain is collected, the next consideration is drying the swabbed sample. When investigating rape cases, it may be necessary to collect and analyze the DNA of the victim's recent consensual partners, if any, to eliminate them as potential contributors of DNA suspected to be from the perpetrator. Seals must be marked with initials of the officer and the date sealed. Weapons, hair, fibers paint, documents, impressions, finger prints, etc. endobj over evidence. 6 How is hair used in a criminal investigation? JeF &Akj6FWzNM:m I rw$!Q.\$xBCF>FoU=8 #L~?29Cq Q H 4U${T<>%c:!S.pN 5QH;$n\u=.h#r! 2 0 obj 33 0 obj You can use an EIN instead of an SSN on W-9. /Type /Action It does not store any personal data. The persons name needs to be applied to the sticker with instructions written on it for the next person to follow. Packaging and Labeling Evidence. Packaging Evidence | Labeling Evidence, 27 July 2015, caseguard.com/evidence-blog/packaging-and-labeling-evidence. What are the 8 steps of packaging evidence? 40 0 obj endobj 119 Despatch Dr, East Rochester, NY 14445. Transportation and storage endobj /Producer ( Q t 4 . Plastic bags should NOT be used for storing wet evidence, as they do not allow moisture to evaporate. << /S /URI 5 What kind of evidence is stored in an airtight container? When a crime scene is approached, the evidence collected must be maintained and preserved in the same condition it was found to not skew any results. Claiming 100% Business Use of a Vehicle. endobj /Type /Annot packaging. Record the scene. /Border [0 0 0] They are considered to have very good resistance to vapour loss [1]. Do not 34 0 obj /Border [0 0 0] Evidence submitted must be in sealed containers whenever possible. 4.3.13.8 Entomological Evidence 4.3.13.8.1 Collection. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. /Type /Action /Type /Annot In addition to a sticker being used for sealing purposes, there are other sealing methods used in securing evidence such as heat sealing and lock sealing. Maintain and chain of custody. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. 5 0 obj It does not store any personal data. Avoid touching the area where DNA may exist. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Your business doesn?t have to be a certain size to qualify for many business credit cards. Failure to comply with existing laws, rules and regulations can result in a situation where >> Excessive Deductions. %PDF-1.5 >> What type of evidence goes in a paper bag? endobj Blood and blood stains. /F7 7 0 R Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Compare to circumstantial evidence. Avoid touching your face, nose, and mouth It can be of any category such as physical, biological, or trace depending upon the nature of the material. However, various types of evidence require different kinds of containers to ensure the integrity of substances. For example, rather than spending copious amounts of time collecting trace evidence, you should prioritize documenting biological and print evidence, as its more likely to identify perpetrators. CRC Press, New York, Demirci S, Dogan KH (2011) Death scene investigation from the viewpoint of forensic medicine expert. Well also work with you to providecustom evidence bagsfor your unique needs. This likelihood is dependent on the nature of the contact, the duration of the contact, and the nature of the contacting surfaces. packaging. Secure and Isolate the crime scene. ?Q9&WFsf~{o?9Usku~/F5w3l;xn:Q7OYz?jMY)*ncC~=NtW*7KS:D2|_+ju1N[]y_}q>/;o>maqDG@qx$?4P=>=$In~5 Avoid touching the area where you believe Crime Scene Management within Forensic science, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4091-9_4, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Close, seal, or tape the paper bag or envelope. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 14 0 obj /ca 1.0 <> Spear, Terry. /Border [0 0 0] Do you have to pack evidence separately from other evidence? Procedures for Evidence Collection, Handling, and Storage TABLE OF CONTENTS Sections: 1 Purpose 2 Authorities 3 Definitions/Types of Evidence 4 Fragile/Trace Evidence 5 Recording/Documenting Seized Evidence 6 Digital Evidence Handling Procedures 7 Evidence Collection Procedures 8 Documenting Evidence. View full document. Math Errors and Typos. Crime Scene Investigation. Crime Scene Investigation: How It's Done, 2013, www.forensicsciencesimplified.org/csi/how.html. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. when collecting and packaging evidence. Too big and evidence can be dispersed throughout container and difficult to recover (e.g. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. 7) 1855 Why are biological samples dried before packaging? When the crime scene involves drugs, there are special bags that need to be used when collecting them. Avoid the use of pill tins due to possible rust. stream Obtain controls. /CSpg /DeviceGray Small or loose trace evidence must be secured in clean, unused primary containers such as paper packets or petri dishes. Given the sensitive nature of DNA evidence, officers should always contact their laboratory personnel or evidence collection technicians when collection questions arise. Guard, Case. criminal law. It often is necessary to use elimination samples to determine whether the evidence comes from the suspect or from someone else. designed to be torn easily to see if evidence is tampered with. 20 0 obj It can also indicate what lab processing is required, any potential dangers or hazards and preferred storage conditions, such as needing to be kept refrigerated. 1 What are the 8 steps of packaging evidence? /Border [0 0 0] /F12 12 0 R endobj Place bulbs in the bottom of Styrofoam -type cup. Never place evidence that may contain DNA in plastic bags because plastic bags will retain damaging moisture. Items that could be cross-contaminated must be packaged separately. 22 0 obj Place in strong container. /A << x|n9I$>lD"=3RS /Annots 41 0 R << /A << Appropriate handling of evidence should be used to: protect personnel from potential hazards associated with evidence (eg biohazards, sharp objects) /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link Preservation and packaging of physical evidence; 7. Human Hairs. Increase your credit score: Your credit score should be at least 680 when you apply for a Chase business credit card, but having a score of 720 or higher will give you the best chances. /Rect [64.5000000 176 202.500000 185.750000 ] The packaging may have an integral (printed-on) label, or a label will need to be filled in and attached to the packed item. Crime Scene Management within Forensic science pp 51105Cite as. Google Scholar, Khoo LS, Lai PS, Saidin MH, Noor Z, Mahmood MS (2018) Cling film plastic wrap: an innovation for dead body packaging, preservation and transportation by first responders as a replacement for cadaver body bag in large scale disasters. Typical evidence collected at a crime scene includes: You will want to package evidence in tamper-proof paper and plastic containers for safe transport. Depending on the type of evidence youre collecting, youll want to select either a paper or plastic pouch. Tissues and cells. Evidence that directly links a person to a crime, without the need of any inference (for example, they were seen committing the crime). or own a major corporation to get approved for a business credit card. At these extremely low temperatures all biological activity is suspended and no degradation occurs. )'bS8M=OJ'2Qv ^;0QV6(#7KKD;Xp x (ea9eIGFc#|fSm4"Fp'oMr"pg{K=8dXHN(Pyn:nu4?Uk0`8*2F/=scDLh36 >A?'w=l`^]9 When the evidence arrives at its destination, you should avoid storage in direct heat or cold. endobj 29 0 obj must be air-dried completely. BN Publishing, Hawthorne, Zhang Y (2014) Collection and preservation of electronic evidence, Department of Forensic Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, Amandeep Kaur,Faray Jamal, Shikha,Aadya Ramesh,Aarshaa Sojan&Devika Dileep, You can also search for this author in He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. Use disposable instruments or clean /Subtype /Link Size of container is important ?oo small and T the packaging is likely to fail over time ? Evidence must be packaged separately from other pieces of evidence, and care must also be taken with containers that such evidence is stored in so that cross-contamination does not occur. 25 0 obj Use disposable instruments or clean /A << Wiley, New York, Ponsell G, Fillon C, Schuliar Y (2011) Guidelines for the management and identification of deceased victims in chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) disasters. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Such items should be packaged in paper bags/boxes. Avoid touching the area where you believe /Type /Action Record the scene. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Another example is using a bag that is too small for a larger piece of evidence, which could cause the bag to not hold up and eventually break. Creating and maintaining a chain of custody means that a detailed log is kept of. , Does Wittenberg have a strong Pre-Health professions program? 32 0 obj endobj COLLECTING AND PACKAGING EVIDENCE. /Type /Action hWn9J$%Q@Qhz)pAd/%j8]Z9y8bq!yGlr,2B1bsvQUgr)1)'B%uGye\ o+Hi-.C"50C-$hQC" lkIBl /Subtype /Link Conduct a systematic search for evidence. think Uber drivers, Etsy sellers or Postmates deliverers ? /Type /Action << << How should you collect biological evidence in order to reduce contamination? /Type /Action Properly folded, the paper evidence fold is a leak proof container that may be used for small quantities of any dry substance such as hairs, fibers or powders that may leak from envelopes or paper bags. An investigator can collect hairs they observe visually (with tweezers or by hand), and they can also use clear tape to lift non-visible hair from a variety of surfaces, such as clothing. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. /S /URI The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. How do you dispose of styrofoam packaging? /Rect [394.500000 278.750000 432.750000 288.500000 ] Place the bindle in an envelope and label with appropriate information. Therefore, biological evidence should be thoroughly air dried, packaged in paper, and properly labeled. /A << endobj How to Market Your Business with Webinars? What are good containers for most evidence? /F8 8 0 R How is hair packaged at a crime scene? that may contain DNA, always take the 1 2 . The first use of forensic hair analysis occurred in 1855 during the murder trial of John Browning. Most small-business cards take your personal credit into account when deciding whether to approve you. endobj /Type /Annot 28 0 obj Chapter 1: Packaging and Labelling Evidence at the Crime Scene KEY LEARNING You should be able to: State two reasons why a CSI must securely package physical evidence they recover at the crime scene Give examples of packaging that should be used for at least three different items of physical evidence If you use a big bag to collect gun powder it could disperse in the bag and be difficult to collect and test once it is back in the lab. /S /URI After the drugs are sealed in the pouches, they are placed in a paper envelop and then relabeled. One reason that our program is so strong is that our . Collection, Preservation, and Packaging: Forensic Evidence Management. /Type /Annot paper. Package evidence in new paper bags, envelopes, or cardboard boxes. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. /S /URI Plastic is not recommended for packaging or storing moist or wet evidence items due to the acceleration of the decomposition of biological materials on the evidence. >> Most items of evidence will be collected in paper containers such as packets, envelopes, and bags. Wittenberg is a nationally ranked liberal arts institution with a particular strength in the sciences. powder, trace evidence), Procedures for Evidence Collection, Handling, and Storage TABLE OF CONTENTS Sections: 1 ? What are the 8 steps of packaging evidence? << /Font << Evidence can be any object which helps in establishing a crime or provides a link between the crime scene, victim, or perpetrator. There is a wide variety of evidence that can be considered valuable for investigation such as biological evidence, latent print evidence, foot ware and track evidence, trace evidence, drug evidence, and gun evidence. What are the different types of evidence collection? /CreationDate (D:20220916104746-06'00') << Wet evidence must be dried before packaging to avoid any contamination. use evidence tape. Conduct a systematic search for evidence. Contamination Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Two NIJ-funded projects introduce new methods and tools for collecting and processing digital evidence in cases involving child sexual abuse materials and large-scale computer networks. An effective method of doing so is using an embossing stamp, where you place the stamp around the sealed area of the envelope, as well as at another location, usually at the opposite corner of the first stamp. /Subtype /Link Wet evidence should be dried before evaluation, except for items such as fluids. /A << Submit evidence to the laboratory. each sample. /Type /Action Trace Evidence: Hair. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. endobj << These marks are like ballistic fingerprints. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? Each piece of evidence/stain should be packaged separately. them thoroughly before and after handling If it?s frozen in Antarctic ice, it could last a few hundred thousand years. Evidence must be packaged separately from other pieces of evidence, and care must also be taken with containers that such evidence is stored in so that cross-contamination does not occur. The goals of the CSI are to reconstruct the crime, to preserve the evidence and to collect the evidence in a way that will stand in court. Trace Evidence Collection and Packaging . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Google Scholar, Evidence Packaging Procedures (n.d.) Division of Forensic Services, Illinois State Police, Fen J (2007) Discussion on collection and application of electronic evidence. Electronic items require their own bag made from a special material. Documenting Evidence. If you don?t have an employer identification number (EIN) for your side gig, you can even apply for a business credit card as a sole proprietor. /Type /Annot The initials of the officer and the date should be mentioned accurately. Schedule C Filers. For example, you must collect DNA from the victim, others who may have been at the crime scene, such as family members who share a house, and all suspects. Purpose 2 ? Call the Trace Evidence Section if you need further assistance 651-363-0572 . Do not << G1W},V=O[>Cn } This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Otherwise the evidence can leak through the paper bag and become ruined. Obtain controls. /URI (https://www.fws.gov/policy/e1445fw3.html#_4._Fragile/_Trace) endobj hLN1D%qlR'B-7A They ultimately determine the admissibility of the evidence collected at the crime scene. Your business doesn?t need an established credit history. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". You don?t need an employer identification number, or EIN, to apply for a small business card. 7 When is there likelihood of transfer of hair and fiber evidence? << When collecting evidence as an investigator, you must protect materials with proper packaging. each sample. 17 0 obj Ensure that all swabs and evidence are dry. Investigators and laboratory personnel should work together to determine the most probative pieces of evidence and to establish priorities. << to conduct the investigation, to handle evidence (e.g. /Type /Action /F11 11 0 R /Border [0 0 0] Most of the evidence is collected in paper bags or envelopes. Each piece of evidence/stain should be packaged separately. /Subtype /Link [0 /XYZ 33 /Subtype /Link What Are the Tools and Materials Used in Evidence Collection? 268.250000 0] /Border [0 0 0] << Most recently developed -Digital evidence Evidence doesn't official exist until someone recognizes an item's potential value to the investigation and prosecution of a crime. [9N o2j 3 ieoXJ What are the three types of biological evidence? This can happen when someone sneezes or coughs over the evidence or touches his/her mouth, nose, or other part of the face and endobj This may serve to identify an unknown victim or distinguish between the victim's DNA and other DNA found at the crime scene. /Rect [45 677 156 687.500000 ] /Subtype /Link Document the entire scene and the specific location of the evidence found. The first, titled Arturo Xuncax, is set in an Indian village in Guatemala. Do you have to pack evidence separately from other evidence? endobj endobj /Rect [45 634.250000 162 644.750000 ] In: Forensic medicine-from old problems to new challenges. With such minute samples of DNA being copied, extra care must be taken to prevent contamination. Required fields are marked *. How do you package evidence at a crime scene quizlet? 315.500000 0] /S /URI << Computer equipment should be handled only by gloved hands and packed into anti-static packaging such as paper bags or cardboard boxes. Rev Forensic Pathol 2:94107, Saferstein R (2016) Forensic science: from the crime scene to the crime lab. [0 /XYZ 33 following precautions: Fold a clean, unused sheet of paper into thirds middle section Hair 2. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! 0j$IX|9!0jb4%'OBD)"$Z~Z;Jw;7x~=_{x\[?[g$x`d_H %-i6x0%DTB5$xifv"biDcnw CGs:8@v;gB-Ios[s7 /A << Every state may have their own way of handling evidence and some might be better than others, but they are all trying to achieve the same goal. Each piece of evidence should be packaged separately. endobj Packaging of Evidence} Evidence is stored in paper or plastic bags and details of collection are clearly marked} Can use pill bottles, manila envelopes, glass vials, cardboard pill boxes, carefully folded paper- druggist fold} Evidence may first be folded into a paper bindle} Obtain standard reference samples for comparison While these tasks Some items can be too wet to store immediately and need to dry some before being placed in a bag. >> You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. stream >> When is there likelihood of transfer of hair and fiber evidence? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. All evidences at the crime scene should be collected and packaged in such a way which helps in minimizing degradation and contamination. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Collection techniques, preservation, packaging, transportation, storage and creation of the inventory list are all part of the process used in establishing the chain of . /URI (https://www.fws.gov/policy/e1445fw3.html#_10._Care,_Custody,) /Parent 2 0 R a nine-digit tax ID number assigned to your business by the IRS ? /Border [0 0 0] The short answer: No. /Type /Annot /S /URI << you can use it to apply for a small-business credit card. /Type /Action The federal government must take steps to expand the ban on single-use plastic packaging and support infrastructure for convenient and widespread reusable options for food packaging. Should evidence ever be packed in plastic? /F6 6 0 R Fibers, hair, soil, wood, gunshot residue and pollen are only a few examples of trace evidence that may be transferred between people, objects or the environment during a crime. What are some examples of trace evidence? /Title ( E x h i b i t 1 , 4 4 5 F W 3 , P r o c e d u r e s f o r E v i d e n c e C o l l e c t i o n , H a n d l i n g , a n d S t o r a g e , F i s h a n d W i l d l i f e S e r v i c e M a n u a l) /Border [0 0 0] 3 0 obj /Type /Action Fold one . then touches the area that may contain the DNA to be tested. With such minute samples of DNA being copied, extra care must be taken to prevent contamination. /Pattern << 1415 0 obj <>stream whatever DNA is present in the sample; it cannot distinguish between a suspect's DNA and DNA from another source. follow the steps listed below to guide their handling of digital evidence at an electronic crime scene: Recognize, identify, seize, and secure all digital evidence at the scene. 35 0 obj The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". endstream endobj 1416 0 obj <>stream For long-term storage issues, contact your local laboratory. "1KpP\YaEGm6VjUhked=CnicH-ZAkDe%!_2l64;wmuz #z9fVm|wGNoW 6{+ ATF`b@>$+]7F.d?zs45neI}rm)n] 2jOdwObl'|Md;h.H&(. /Subtype /Link the subsequent collection and packaging of the physical evidence. 31 0 obj The evidence is a crucial part of identifying why and how a crime occurred. If you?re a sole proprietorship, you can put down your Social Security number as verification. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Fibers, hair, soil, wood, gunshot residue and pollen are only a few examples of trace evidence that may be transferred between people, objects or the environment during a crime. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Comb the individuals hair over clean white paper using a clean fine-tooth comb. >> /Rect [45 698.750000 75 709.250000 ] /ExtGState << B. /Contents 38 0 R Other sealing methods include heat and lock seals. /Rect [49.5000000 580.250000 111.750000 590.750000 ] << /URI (https://www.fws.gov/policy/e1445fw3.html#_5._Recording_/) To avoid contamination of evidence For example, bullets or cartridge containers should be packed separately, with a cushioning material in between them. /Type /Annot <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> /S /URI /Rect [49.5000000 590.750000 127.500000 601.250000 ] Evidence Packaging: A How to Guide. Oag.ca.gov, 2013, oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/cci/reference/evidence_collection.pdf. Evidence collection kits typically include: Proper evidence packagingis crucial in criminal investigations, as inadequate packaging can compromise evidence. >> Plastic is used for things that do not need to breathe like metal, while paper is used for items that are wet or need to breathe. 1 What are the 8 steps of packaging evidence? When possible, the help of a qualified victim advocate should be enlisted for assistance. whatever DNA is present in the sample; it cannot distinguish between a suspect's DNA and DNA from another source. Items that could be cross-contaminated must be packaged separately. << Simpson. >> >> TAPPI Student ChapterGadomski School of Engineering, Christian Brothers University (Memphis, TN, USA), Alex Moses, Christian Brothers University, USA, Turning Packaging into a Sustainable Business Opportunity, Development of Red Meat Packaging and How it Influences Consumer Purchasing, Steps to Designing a Sterile Medical Device Package, Coca-Colas PlantBottle Revolutionizing Packaging, Plastic Packagings Major Flaw; Advancements and Alternatives to Overcoming Plastic Packaging, The Technical and Sustainable Processes of Aerosol. Paper or Plastic? /Subtype /Link You can be exposed to harmful materials like biohazards when collecting evidence. /Subtype /Link Does DNA evidence need to be refrigerated? Terms in this set (11) Put evidence into new paper bags or envelopes, not into plastic bags. Secure and Isolate the crime scene. An officer must think ahead to the time of trial and possible defenses while still at the crime scene. Try to dry this sample as fast as possible to minimize degradation of the sample. 8 . /URI (https://www.fws.gov/policy/e1445fw3.html#_1._Purpose) Which type of evidence should never be packaged in plastic containers? How is evidence packaged at a crime scene? If its buried a few feet below the ground, the DNA will last about 1,000 to 10,000 years. Why is it important to properly package evidence? Updated: 01/20/2022 How do you get white residue off black tiles? /Rect [49.5000000 548 136.500000 558.500000 ] Finally, place another cup (with bottom intact) on top and tape them all together. View Evidence Packaging.pdf from FORENSIC S FRSC 30430 at University of Central Oklahoma. /URI (https://www.fws.gov/policy/e1445fw3.html#_3._Definitions_/) 9 Which is the best type of Evidence packaging? We agree. << MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests. Therefore, you must avoid unsafe practices when handling evidence by wearing appropriate personal protective equipment and following all procedures. Maintain and chain of custody. What type of packaging should be used for biological evidence? >> Cartridge cases are compared in the same way. << << them thoroughly before and after handling /Rect [247.500000 278.750000 375.750000 288.500000 ] Change them often. When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun leaves microscopic marks on the bullet and cartridge case. When buying running shoes should you buy a size bigger? Why is proper packaging of evidence important? When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun leaves microscopic marks on the bullet and cartridge case. Evidence that directly links a person to a crime, without the need of any inference (for example, they were seen committing the crime). Ensure you avoid touching your face when handling DNA evidence as well. Please leave this field empty. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Trace Evidence Properly secure the evidence by placing in a paper bag or envelope. How do you package trace evidence? >> The primary container should then be appropriately secured in an envelope or paper bag. >> is enough to qualify for a business credit card. /Type /Annot endobj A simple sole proprietorship ? How can firearms and bullets be used as evidence? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. /S /URI Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Step 5 - DESIGN CONCEPTS Step 6 - DESIGN REFINEMENT FOR 100% CLIENT SATISFACTION Step 7 - PRINT READY FILES WHICH BRINGS PACKAGING INTO REALITY Step 8 - MARKET REVIEW CONCLUSION Better brands start with meaningful conversations 7 Compulsory Questions to be asked before designing your product packaging Who will be your intended audience?

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