McGrath, Kimberley A., ed. UNCCD (2017) Global land outlook. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. By Catrin Einhorn and Nadja PopovichMarch 3, 2022. The climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-005-4677-1, Kim J, Song C, Lee S, Jo H-W, Park E, Yu H, Lee W-K (2020) Identifying potential vegetation establishment areas on the dried Aral Sea floor using satellite images. Conserv Biol 33:812820. (Schlter, et al., 2013), some of the wetlands in the Aral Sea region are being maintained using drainage water. Because brown tree snakes have no predators on Guam, they quickly multiplied. Take the Clean Earth Challenge and help make the planet a happier, healthier place. Its part of a larger global push, known as 30x30, to protect more land and water worldwide. Cattle then produce manure that returns nutrients to the soil, which helps to grow more grass. It exists in only two locations, one in southern Texas and the other in northern Mexico. Content analysis suggests that the NbS approach has been poorly documented in dryland ecosystems. Ecosystems can also contain species too small to see with the naked eye. The most diverse group of animals are invertebrates. The review has not returned specific rangeland rehabilitation methods or success stories in the Aral Sea basin. Rivers and streams light up with aquatic biodiversity across the South. (Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Additional measures for the creation of forests in the regions and of the green cover in the Aral Sea region, 2020b), (Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the establishment of South Ustyurt National Park (in Uzbek language), 2020a), (Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on additional measures related to the organization of protected areas on forestlands, 2022), My Garden in the Aral Sea International innovation Centre for Aral Sea basin under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (iic-aralsea.org), FAO classification of soil types (Schad, 2014), Abdalla K, Mutema M, Chivenge P, Everson C, Chaplot V (2022) Grassland rehabilitation significantly increases soil carbon stocks by reducing net soil CO2 emissions. Overuse of natural resources. Sustain Dev Goals. Species that are now abundant arent going to be if we dont protect some of these other habitats, said Brian ODonnell, the director of Campaign for Nature, a coalition of conservation groups. Hence, water availability needs to be considered thoroughly when it comes to planning desert greening activities, as there is large-scale evidence of failed or low effective interventions aimed at greening the Aral Seabed. Not included are gray wolves, grizzly bears and other wildlife not at risk of global extinction. UNEP (2022) Draft resolution on nature-based solutions forsupporting sustainable development. Wetlands in some arid areas depend on the river runoff and inflow, which is used for agricultural purposes and by decreasing the areas under some water-intensive crops (e.g., cotton and rice) (Schlter, et al., 2013), wetlands are likely to receive inflow to keep their state stable. And theres the star cactus, which resembles a green sand dollar with a bright yellow bloom. Tropical forests are widely considered to have the greatest species diversity of the terrestrial biomes but diversity is also high in the temperate deciduous biome and Low species diversity : The tundra biome has the least biodiversity, but the northern coniferous biome also has low species diversity. 3. A single grassland can contain a wide range of species, from beetles to snakes to antelopes. United Nations General Assembly (2021) Seventy-fifth session. J Mar Syst 92:4252. It can be studied on many levels. The language used for the non-systematic literature review was English only (as the Russian language does not distinguish and define NbS specifically). Which part of the immune system immediately responds to infection or injury? Others note features like potential wildlife corridors. Sci Total Environ 599-600:967980. The term nature-based solutions (NbS) reportedly emerged in the late 2000s in connection with the CBDs ecosystem approach method (Cohen-Shacham, et al., 2019), (Agol, Reid, Crick, & Wendo, 2021). South Ustyurt National ParkFootnote 5 total area: 14471.43km2, year of designation: 2020. This is both for biodiversity conservation, and also ecosystem services, due to the dependence of the local human population on water resources and interconnectedness of the state of terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., rangelands/grasslands, afforested areas) with the availability of local water bodies and water resources as such. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.03.015, Bakirov NJ, Khamzaev AK, Novitskiy, ZB (2020) FOREST PLANTATIONS ON THE DRAINED BOTTOM OF THE ARAL SEA. Biodiversity is a term used to describe the enormous variety of life on Earth. Last year, officials announced that eight species had gone extinct. Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. We consequently include it as a type of nature-based solution in this review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.07.012, Toderich KN, Shuyskaya EV, Rajabov TF, Ismail S, Shaumarov M, Yoshiko K, Li EV (2013a) Uzbekistan: Rehabilitation of desert rangelands affected by salinity, to improve food security, combat desertification and maintain the natural resource base. All of the Earths species work together to survive and maintain their ecosystems. To reach its commitments to increase the percentage of protected areas with respect to the total territory, the government of Uzbekistan almost tripled the area of PAs in Karakalpakstan in 20212022 alone. Land Degrad Dev 29:19251939. It enjoys a high level of biodiversity. LESNOY ZHURNAL-FORESTRY JOURNAL, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-2-51-59, Bekele T, Haile Y (2021) Intensification of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions through wetland conservation: the case of Ethiopian freshwater wetlands. The desiccation and subsequent almost complete loss of the Aral Sea, once the worlds fourth largest inland water body (Lemly, Kingsford, & Thompson, 2000), having had far-reaching social, economic and ecological implications in all countries of Central Asia aggravated the situation even more. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-011-0262-5, Dubey PK, Singh A, Chaurasia R, Pandey KK, Singh S (2021) Fostering Nature-Based Solutions for Ecorestoration and Attain- ing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Some environmental groups are working to create asustainablemushroom population to satisfy consumers as well as the local ecosystem.Around the globe, thousands ofwildernessareas have been set up toconserveplants, animals, and ecosystems. These differences are what scientists use to tell one species from another. Rangelands in the Aral Sea basin represent not just significant economic and environmental value to local stakeholders, but also cultural values (Shaumarov, et al., 2012). Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Land Degrad Dev 31:27492762. Search results included English and Russian languages for both search engines, as a majority of the research performed historically in Central Asia has been reported in the Russian language; results returned in any other languages were excluded (due to linguistic limitations of the research team). Earth-Sci Rev 161:259278. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. 5. However, temperatures above warm will affect biodiversity as oxygen is less soluble in hot waters and some species do not survive in this condition. Examples of species include blue whales, white-tailed deer, white pine trees, sunflowers, and microscopic bacteria that can't even be seen by the naked eye. Afforestation using native salt- and drought-tolerant species is another alternative to restore degraded desert landscapes, which has direct applicability to the dried-out Aral Seabed (Bakirov, Khamzaev, & Novitskiy, 2020), (Toderich, et al., 2013b), (Shomurodov, et al., 2021). So, policymakers and scientists must collaborate to ensure that only native plant and tree species are used for afforestation, if the intervention is to count as a NbS. Officials may not know where they are. Ecosystems that host the most biodiversity tend to have ideal environmental conditions for plant growth, like the warm and wet climate of tropical regions. Rome, Feng S, Fu Q (2013) Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate. They are the places in the lower 48 United States most likely to have plants and animals at high risk of global extinction. I got confused and almost gave you a 1 star opp good thing I did not. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13280, Taillardat P, Thompson BS, Garneau M, Trottier K, Friess DA (2020) Climate change mitigation potential of wetlands and the cost-effectiveness of their restoration. It enjoys a high level of biodiversity. The analysis found that the habitats of hundreds of imperiled species were entirely outside of the green areas above. In the long term, rehabilitation of degraded rangelands in the Aral Sea basin has a potential to improve livelihood options of local pastoralists. As reported by Li et al. The final list was formed based on the recently formalized definition of nature-based solutions by the IUCN neglecting small-scale interventions, which in some cases the authors considered to represent NbS. Remote Sens Environ 266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112695, Ragab R, Prudhomme C (2002) Climate change and water resources management in arid and semi-arid regions: Prospective and challenges for the 21st century. The health of grasslands all over Central Asia has been severely compromised by anthropogenic activities and climate change over the past several decades (Li, Chen, Zhang, & Pan, 2019). Wetland restoration is a promising tool in many areas that could potentially compete with afforestation/reforestation in terms of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation potential (Taillardat, Thompson, Garneau, Trottier, & Friess, 2020), (Seddon, et al., 2020), (Tanneberger, et al., 2021). Soil Use Manag. (2019) suggest that rewilding, due to its purported environmental and societal benefits, shares similarities with nature-based solutions. Sci Total Environ 784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147058, Lamers JP, Bobojonov I, Khamzina A, Franz JS (2008) Financial analysis of small-scale forests in the amu darya lowlands of rural uzbekistan. As biodiversity decreases, these systems break down.Hundreds of industries rely on plant biodiversity.Agriculture, construction, medical andpharmaceutical, fashion, tourism, andhospitalityall depend on plants for their success. People are also working to limit pollution and restore coral reef ecosystems in the area. Regions with cold or dry conditions, such as mountaintops anddeserts, have even less.Generally, the closer a region is to theEquator, the greater the biodiversity. C. Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity. Since brine shrimp in the wetlands of the Aral Sea basin attract birds to feed, including flamingo (Aladin, et al., 2018), (Qi, et al., 2021), and the fact that artemia cultivation and harvesting provides local livelihood opportunities, suggest that it could provide a basis for some form of nature-based solution. About one square kilometer of the forest was estimated to host a cluster of imperiled species, including a rabbit, a bee and several plants. Theroot systemof plants helps prevent flooding.

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