Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. The .gov means its official. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. A. Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. -. In a binary logistic regression model, C-reactive protein level (OR 1.073, [CI, 1.013-1.136]; p = 0.017), CD8 T lymphocyte counts (OR 0.989, [CI, 0.979-1.000]; p = 0.043), and D-dimer (OR 5.313, [CI, 0.325-86.816]; p = 0.241) were independent predictors of disease severity. Fusce dui lectus, ipiscing elit. Good housekeeping is an essential part of every job. Nam risus ante, dapibus a moles, ur laoreet. We analyzed the potential associations between clinical characteristics and . Epub 2020 May 27. injuries. Forth, we have tried to include studies from different cites but some articles may still include duplicated cases since they seldom mentioned the detailed composition of patient groups. Copyright 2020. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602. which one Weegy: Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat. hb```,B cb@Avqcle`-*/p0]9Mnwj^6 50b9 "#lEg99a'WF#&@fA_evj`t! We also found some comorbidities were potentially high-risk factors for severe disease and this is consistent with other recent studies [53, 55, 5759]. A facility manager's responsibility is to cooperate with the Safety Committee and any of its members. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. We found that significantly higher frequencies of lymphadenopathy, skin rash, enlarged tonsils, etc. No, Is the Subject Area "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" applicable to this article? https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.g003. The Domino theories area based on 3 phases: When conducting a five whys accident analysis the investigator will dig deeper to uncover an accident______. The quality rating is from 0 to 10 stars and the score7 stars indicates high-quality articles. Improbable - 1 so unlikely, it can be assumed occurrence may not be experienced. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. The project described was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH, under Award Number 5UL1TR001425-03. Xose m. Lopez-Fernandez and Casimiro Alvarez-Mario, ", Electrical Transient Interaction Between Transformers and the Power Systems, Electrical Transient Interaction between Transformers and Power Systems, Iknduced Transient Voltage Performance Between Transformers and VCB. There are two types of failures that cause human errors, active and latent. True OR False 13. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Negative feelings may drive misbehavior and go against recovery, so psychological support is considered important. what should be added when an adverb begings a sentence. No, Is the Subject Area "Metaanalysis" applicable to this article? This study has examined the potential risk factors of severe COVID-19 such as demographic characteristics, comorbidities and complications to assist clinicians with allocation of medical resources. Of these studies, 764 papers were duplicates, 9442 were perceived as unrelated research and 67 articles were in line with exclusion criteria. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The severity of symptoms among patients infected with COVID-19 varies considerably from being varies considerably from being asymptomatic to being a critical illness with lethal complications [3, 4]. Donec aliquet. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The severity factors are delineated by characteristics frequent, marginal, critical, and catastrophic. frequent, marginal, critical, and catastrophic. Zeng Z, Yu H, Chen H, Qi W, Chen L, Chen G, Yan W, Chen T, Ning Q, Han M, Wu D. Crit Care. To evaluate the total cost of the accident you must combine both ____ and _____ cost. . The PAFs of ARDS (10.7%) and AKI (7.4%) were also high which showed that they possibly make a considerable contribution to the severity of COVID-19, but there are no specific clinical guidelines to prevent them. 4. We sincerely thank Associate Professor Yongzhen Yi for her professional opinion on statistical methods. endobj Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing e, , dictum vitae odio. Abbreviations: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0543OC. All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. 776 0 obj <>stream All statistically significant factors in our analysis are summarized in Table 3. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.t003. 226 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6B1A8B070519EA45B173713DCA538B78><8F6428B46672464BB0E8291B88D909E4>]/Index[208 28]/Info 207 0 R/Length 89/Prev 59879/Root 209 0 R/Size 236/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Fever was the most common presentation (84.1%), but cough was present in only slightly over half of the patients. 12. Mandy will need to extend her ladder to 60 feet to reach the roof of her house. [2] A step forward was given by Rocha et al., whom introduced a new coefficient called Frequency Domain Severity Factor (FDSF). The demographic characteristics including sex, age, smoking history and BMI were pooled for meta-analysis and the results are displayed in Fig 2. Though we lacked sufficient evidence to support the results for these other complications except for shock, ARDS and AKI, the data we already had were of high consistency. 17. The general duty clause states that each employer shall furnish "a place of employment which is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely tocause death or serious physical harm to its employees.". Limited egress in emergencies B. Based on the analysis of an increasing number of studies reporting details of BMI, we considered obesity as a risk factor. In order to quantify the effects of risk factors on COVID-19 patients, we calculated population attributable fraction (PAF) by using the attributable fraction formula: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602, Editor: Chiara Lazzeri, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, ITALY, Received: November 13, 2020; Accepted: April 11, 2021; Published: May 3, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.s002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.s003. 7. stream Every flight of stairs with four or more risers must have __________. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum, sus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. See this image and copyright information in PMC. PMC <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Obesity could cause more endothelial dysfunction [67] and weaken the immunocompetent cells especially their cytotoxic cell responses [68]. 2020 Aug 27;24(1):525. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03255-0. Severe cases were potentially associated with advanced age (Standard Mean Difference (SMD) = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.342.12), male gender (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% CI:1.331.71), obesity (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.442.46), history of smoking (OR = 1.40, 95% CI:1.061.85), hypertension (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 2.032.88), diabetes (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.982.91), coronary heart disease (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.223.71), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.635.41), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.543.97), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.894.38), malignancy (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 2.003.40), and chronic liver disease (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.062.17). Donec aliquet. 0 The main characteristics of the included studies are . Employee Injury C. Materials damage D. Mechanical However, some complications such as hypohepatia (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.713.30; I2 = 0.0%) [18, 24] did not show obvious association with the severity of patients conditions. This should be safe. It determines the safety margin regarding to the standard acceptance tests either in the frequency or time domain . Expert answered| capslock |Points 12946| Log in for more information. Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Arts. The literature search was performed using international databases PubMed, Embase, Web of science and Cochrane Library using the search terms: (COVID-19 OR SARS-Cov-2) AND (characteristics OR clinical): The specific search strategy is listed in S1 Table. hbbd``b`:$gs q5A%@9HX~ & @BHr "&Fx Q'@ \+ Therefore, the incidence of COVID-19 was lower but the severity was higher in patients with hypertension. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023315. 8. IL-6 levels were also higher, indicating that the presence of a hyperimmune inflammatory state portends higher morbidity and mortality. 6. Bookshelf True OR False, 3) Slips, trips and falls account for many general industry injuries in areas where wet working conditions exist placing rates on the floor would reduce the potential for slipping. Nam lacinia pulvinar tor, s ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. (A-D) Forest plots of the association between (A) sex, (B) age, (C) smoking history, (D) BMI and severe COVID-19 disease. Regosols, Cambisols and Vertisols were identified (Fig. 2. Chronic kidney disease; AKI, Objective We aimed to systematically identify the possible risk factors responsible for severe cases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.t002. standard mean difference; COPD, Eliminate risk through design. areas EXCEPT: Yes How was this MOST accurately . [4][5][6], The FDSF is calculated at transformer terminals and it is mathematically defined as. Burn characteristics of patients enrolled in the burn registry are outlined in Table 1. where Pc is the prevalence of the risk factors in the population [10]. Yes Yes Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. The results shown in Fig 4 indicate that ARDS (OR = 39.59, 95% CI: 19.9978.41; I2 = 48.7%) [11, 1315, 17, 20, 22, 24, 26, 44], shock (OR = 21.50, 95% CI: 10.4944.06; I2 = 27.4%) [11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24, 43, 44, 51] and AKI (OR = 8.84, 95% CI: 4.3418.00; I2 = 40.7%) [11, 1315, 18, 20, 24, 26, 44, 51] which are potential life-threatening conditions, were clearly responsible for the ICU admissions. Donec aliquet. However some other studies have shown that ACE2 plays an anti-inflammatory role in RAS and protect patients from ARDS [73, 74]. Safety The hepatic insufficiency of COVID-19 patients could be worsened by potentially hepatotoxic drugs such as remdesivir, lopinavir and ritonavir used to treat the disease, causing more severe conditions [80]. endstream endobj 209 0 obj <. An access gateB. Handrails or stair railsC. 12 inch wide treadsD.Toe boards. Correlation coefficient and p value between clinical characteristics and disease severity. Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first identified in Wuhan in December 2019 became a pandemic within a few months of its discovery. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. The soil erosion process is a complicated system controlled by a multitude of factors comprising soil characteristics, local climatic conditions, nature of terrain features, ground cover, land use types, conservation practices, and interaction between them. [1] Later, Asano et al. Donec aliquet. About 31.3% of patients were hospitalized and 13.2% had severe disease. injuries. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. 744 0 obj <> endobj Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Classic severity factors such as victims' and crash characteristics (age, time and place of the crash, antagonist, seatbelt wearing) were assessed for truck and car drivers. Conviction of a willful violation can lead to individual True OR False, 12. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Sex distribution of COVID-19 with different clinical classification. Finally, 41 articles [1151] published between February 7th, 2020 and March 13th, 2021 were included, all of which were retrospective cohort studies. All rights reserved. Methods We analyzed data from COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the University of Cincinnati health system from March 13, 2020 to May 31, 2020. We analyzed the potential associations between clinical characteristics and severe cases. Covers and guardrails are required in all of the following areas EXCEPT: A. Covers and guardrails are required in all of the following Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. R. Malewski, J. Douville, L. Lavallee, "Measurement of Switching Transients in 735 kV Substations and Assessment of their Severity for Transformer Insulation," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.3, no.4, pp.1380-1390, Oct. 1988. Accessibility Though our analysis showed there was a potential relationship between malignancy and severe condition, some articles had conflicting outcomes, and a few articles have even suggested that some patients with cancer may have better clinical outcomes since the possible emergence of cytokine storm was dampened because of their compromised immune systems [76, 77]. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dict, risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. One factor is called Time Domain Severity Factor (TDSF) and another one is the Frequency Domain Severity Factor (FDSF). %PDF-1.5 endstream endobj 745 0 obj <>/Metadata 126 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[763 0 R]>>/Outlines 182 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 738 0 R/StructTreeRoot 219 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 746 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 747 0 obj <>stream Direct, Indirect The cost of an accident is paid from company____ Profits (A-C) Forest plots of the association between (A) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), (B) Shock, (C) Acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe COVID-19 disease. There are two types of failures that cause human errors, Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. One study shows that smoking can also enhance the expression of ACE2 [64] and this would raise the susceptibility. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Ditches C. The dysfunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine responses due to diabetes could also increase the severity of COVID-19 [7]. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Donec aliquet. Most direct cost of accidents are usually paid by the insurance company. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. The results of the quality evaluation of the included retrospective cohort studies are displayed in Table 2. Wu H, Zhu H, Yuan C, Yao C, Luo W, Shen X, Wang J, Shao J, Xiang Y. JAMA Netw Open. 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102434. The meta-analysis was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement [8]. 2020:25. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045. When conducting a five whys accident analysis the investigator will dig deeper to uncover an accident ____________. Is the Subject Area "COVID 19" applicable to this article? NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article. dangerous incidents, and hazardous situations once a week. No, Is the Subject Area "Coronary heart disease" applicable to this article? Careers. Marginal, critical, and catastrophic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molesti, ongue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. In this analysis, the ORs were used as approximations of RRs. Substitute less risky materials for more hazardous materials. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.s001. Funnel plot of (A) sex, (B) smoking history, (C)age, (D) BMI, (E) Chronic kidney disease, (F) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (G) Coronary heart disease, (H) Malignancy, (I) Cerebrovascular disease, (J) Hypertension, (K)Diabetes, (L) Chronic liver disease, (M) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), (N) Shock, (O) Acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe COVID-19 disease for the assessment of publication bias. For patients with hypertension, some kinds of blood pressure medications can enhance the expression of ACE2 and leave patients more susceptible to COVID-19 symptoms [71, 72]. A. First, some studies did not explicitly show their criteria for severe patients and non-severe patients, meaning the actual severity of patients with these two outcomes may not be consistent with those studies. 3 0 obj "UZsQj\WS|xx^T e=,iz17.9ID9Yd.s(kx75\t^_7;I1}~vcSk*B*z1eL. The following comorbidities: diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, COPD, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with hospitalization and/or disease severity. (Fig 5), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.g005, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.t005. I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. A severity factor is established as a coefficient to assess the dielectric severity supported by a transformer winding considering the incoming transient overvoltage (voltage spike).It determines the safety margin regarding to the standard acceptance tests either in the frequency or time domain.. World Health Organization; OR, 20. Ji P, Zhu J, Zhong Z, Li H, Pang J, Li B, Zhang J. -is the amount of blood pumped out with each hearbeat. Objective: Identify factors associated with . This is the best answer based on feedback and ratings. Severe COVID-19 was defined as admission to intensive care unit or death. No, Is the Subject Area "Diabetes mellitus" applicable to this article? Clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with severe COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China: a retrospective multicentre cohort study. Guild No, Is the Subject Area "Obesity" applicable to this article? The meta-regression analysis demonstrates that the association between coronary heart disease and increased severity was influenced by age (P = 0.013), and the discrepancy between patients median ages in eligible studies partly contributed to the heterogeneity. 11. The major components include: representativeness of the exposed cohort, selection of the non- exposed cohort, ascertainment of exposure, demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study, comparability, assessment of outcome, follow-up time and adequacy of follow up of cohorts. One first approach to the concept of severity factor was made by Malewski et al. The search strategy initially retrieved 10314 articles, 10273 of which were excluded by assessing the eligibility criteria. PAR reflects the proportion of severe COVID-19 that can be attributed to exposure to a risk factor. 8) and delineated on the map . The characteristics of all the included studies are shown in Table 1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.g001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.t001. here. By excluding every article in turn, we conducted a sensitivity analysis and there was no evident change in either the significant outcomes or in heterogeneity. odds ratio; SMD, User: Mateo did poorly on a test. Am. Association of elevated inflammatory markers and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. roof of her house. Background Epidemiological and clinical features of patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were well delineated. DitchesC. Loading docksD. Vats. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. endstream endobj 209 0 obj <, XXYD:KRrG`GcGD8 Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. MaritimeB. Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources, 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects, Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions. As a result, patients with coronary heart disease were more likely to suffer from severer conditions like heart failure which can easily lead to death. Pellentesque dapibus, consectetur adipiscing elit. There are two types of failures that cause human errors, active and latent. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of science and Cochrane Library for epidemiological studies of confirmed COVID-19, which include information about clinical characteristics and severity of patients' disease. Euro Surveill. Donec aliquet. The study population was 58% male and 42% female, with 36% of the total being children. To minimize bias, two authors (LXY and ZXR) independently screened titles and abstracts and extracted potentially eligible articles. All included studies were retrospective cohort studies so, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate quality [9]. In areas where wet working conditions exist, placing grates on the floor would reduce thepotential for slipping. The stability of results was assessed by conducting a sensitivity analysis which omitted each study in turn. hb```M``f`sXXYD:KRrG`GcGD8 The conclusion can be updated when more studies from outside China are published. Males also smoked at a higher rate than females [62] and that could result in a more vulnerable respiratory system. Laboratory abnormalities in children with mild and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis and review. Chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis (when clearly delineated from hematemesis), decreased exercise tolerance, and abdominal pain from pleuritis are also highly indicative of a pulmonary process.

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