Tecumseh was killed in the battle, and the British-Indian alliance was permanently destroyed. Freehling indicates Harrison's missteps in Columbia were "bad and frequent", that he failed to properly maintain a position of neutrality in Columbian affairs, by publicly opposing Bolivar, and that Columbia sought his removal. [120] Washington society had noticed his uncharacteristic absence from church on Sunday. It was a cold and windy day, but Harrison didnt wear a coat or hat. His son died seven years later; eight of the ten Harrison children would die by 1846, a high toll even by nineteenth-century standards. Harrison becomes known as Old Tippecanoe.. He attempted to secure the post as Secretary of War under President Monroe in 1817 but lost out to John C. Calhoun. [32][41], Harrison began his duties on January 10, 1801, at Vincennes, the capital of the Indiana Territory. [151] Numerous counties and towns also bear his name. [9], His father died in the spring of 1791, and he was placed in the care of Robert Morris, an intimate family friend in Philadelphia. [5] A Shawnee friendly to Harrison cocked his pistol from the sidelines to alert Harrison that Tecumseh's speech was leading to trouble, and some witnesses reported that Tecumseh was encouraging the warriors to kill Harrison. He was advised to have an administration in place before the inauguration but declined, wanting to focus on the festivities. William Henry Harrison was inaugurated as the ninth president of the United States on March 4, 1841, but died thirty-one days later, making him the shortest-serving U.S. president. [120] Harrison was then administered laudanum, opium, and camphor, along with wine and brandy. A modern theory is that he died from typhoid fever contracted from bacteria ingested through the White House water supply, which likely was contaminated by a nearby depository for raw sewage. William Henry Harrison becomes the commander of Fort Washington. The following year Harrisons mother died. Harrison's concept of the presidency was very limited. Webster attempted to press this decision at a March 25 cabinet meeting, and Harrison asked him to read aloud a handwritten note, which said simply "William Henry Harrison, President of the United States". He conducted the district's affairs for five weeks until the Louisiana Territory was formally established on July 4, 1805, and Brigadier General James Wilkinson assumed the duties of governor. In November 1791, at age 18, he enlisted in the army as an ensign in the 10th Regiment at Fort Washington near Cincinnati (in what is now Ohio). Omissions? He was promoted to major general in the Army during the War of 1812, and led American infantry and cavalry to victory at the Battle of the Thames in Upper Canada. [70] He received orders to retake Detroit and boost morale, but he initially held back, unwilling to press the war northward. They noted for the voters what Harrison's name would be when spelled backwards: "No Sirrah". The dispute was the catalyst of a disagreement between Harrison and the Department of War, which continued into the War of 1812. William Henry Harrison's inauguration speech comprised of 8,845 words, and it took Harrison one hour and 45 minutes to give the [5], He pursued the treaty process aggressively, offering large subsidies to the tribes and their leaders, so as to gain political favor with Jefferson before his departure. Harrison resigned from the army in 1798 and was appointed secretary of the Northwest Territory by President John Adams. The official cause of death was pneumonia. [75], Harrison and Michigan Territory's Governor Lewis Cass were responsible for negotiating the peace treaty with the Indians. [91] A swing of just over 4,000 votes in Pennsylvania would have given that state's 30 electoral votes to Harrison and the election would have been decided in the House of Representatives. I bid farewell, if forever, fare thee well. Anna Harrison was in poor health and stayed home; she planned to join her husband in Washington in the spring. WebWilliam Henry Harrison delivered the longest Inaugural address, at 8,445 words, on March 4, 1841a bitterly cold, wet day. [129], On April 5, Fletcher Webster, the son of Secretary of State Daniel Webster, notified Tyler that Harrison had died in office. Harrison was appointed governor of the new Indiana Territory in 1800, where he served until 1812. Sworn into office as president of the U.S. [39] He served in this capacity for twelve years. In summary, President Harrisons speech mainly discussed how the people of the United States has the rights to individual liberties and how it is the duty of the president to protect those liberties through the Constitution. He declared he would only serve for one term in office and not abuse his veto power. Additionally, and FYI, Harrison's inaugural speech was the longest in history, to date. On March 24, he came down with a cold. Born at Berkeley Plantation in Virginia, Harrison was descended from two wealthy and well-connected Virginia families. Thus ended resistance in the Northwest. He addressed the nation's already hotly debated issue of slavery. Voter turnout shot to a spectacular 80%, 20 points higher than the previous election. [12] In 1793, he became Wayne's aide-de-camp and acquired the skills to command an army on the frontier;[6] he participated in Wayne's decisive victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794, which ended the Northwest Indian War. He named it Fort Meigs in honor of Ohio governor Return J. Meigs Jr. WebWilliam Henry Harrison, an American military officer and politician, was the ninth President of the United States (1841), the oldest President to be elected at the time. [128], That June, Harrison's body was transported by train and river barge to North Bend, Ohio, and he was buried on July 7 at the summit of Mt. They feared that the people would perceive the difference between a real and a pretended patriot, and commenced a series of persecutions against our minister, which rendered his situation extremely irksome. The White House hosted various public ceremonies, modeled after European royal funeral practices. When was there ever before such a spectacle . Delegates to the Whig Party convention in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, nominate William Henry Harrison as the 1840 presidential candidate, and former Virginia senator John Tyler as the vice presidential candidate. Some single women wore sashes reading, whig Husbands or None. One supporter in Springfield, Illinois, was Mary Todd, who was being courted by a local Whig lawmaker, Abraham Lincoln, who campaigned for Harrison. [10] He briefly studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania with Doctor Benjamin Rush and William Shippen Sr.[10] His older brother inherited their father's money, so he lacked the funds for his further medical schooling, which he had also discovered he didn't prefer. It was a pivotal American victory in the war, and Harrison was celebrated as the hero of the Battle of the Thames. Harrison drew his sword, and Tecumseh's warriors backed down when the officers presented their firearms in his defense. He then received reinforcements in 1813, took the offensive, and led the army north to battle. President Van Buren hosted his successor at a White House dinner on February 13. It was the most fleeting presidency ever, lasting one scant month. But he was far from young now, and when he followed the address with a round of receptions in his wet clothing, it resulted in a bad chill. [63] Harrison countered and defeated the tribal forces at Prophetstown next to the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers; the battle became famous and he was hailed as a national hero. He narrowly lost Virginia even though both he and Tyler were born there. [83], In May of 1817, Harrison served as one of the founding vestry members of the Episcopal congregation, Christ Church in downtown Cincinnati (now Christ Church Cathedral). On April 9, Tyler gave a brief inaugural address. They move into a log cabin on the Ohio River near Cincinnati. [103] He resisted pressure from other Whigs over partisan patronage. His farm stretched over 2,800 acres and the original log cabin had been expanded to a twenty-two-room home to house his growing familythe Harrisons had ten children, and Anna Harrison was often in poor health because of frequent pregnancies. Doctors were called in, but their medical practices were crude: heated suction cups to supposedly draw out the disease, and the same bleeding tactics that had killed George Washington. He was also the first United States president to die in office, and a brief constitutional crisis resulted as presidential succession was not then fully defined in the United States Constitution. It took him nearly two hours to read, although his friend and fellow Whig Daniel Webster had edited it for length. [111], Clay was not the only one who hoped to benefit from Harrison's election. The popular vote margin was much closer, at fewer than 150,000 votes, though he carried nineteen of the twenty-six states. [32] The 1804 Treaty of St. Louis with Quashquame required the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes to cede much of western Illinois and parts of Missouri. Harrison then stood and declared: "William Henry Harrison, President of the United States, tells you, gentlemen, that, by God, John Chambers shall be governor of Iowa! 9 minutes. At sixty-seven, Harrison was the oldest person to run for president at the time. [113] Another anecdote of the time recounted that the halls were so full one afternoon that in order to get from one room to the next, Harrison had to be helped out a window, walked the length of the White House exterior, and then helped in through another window. William Henry Harrison's inaugural address lasted nearly two hours, but in the days before electronic media, oratory of such duration was common. This was 3,000 words more than Taft 's which I ask nothing more. [5][77] He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1824, and was an Ohio presidential elector in 1820 for James Monroe[78] and for Henry Clay in 1824. ", "Death in the White House: President William Henry Harrison's Atypical Pneumonia", "William Henry Harrison Funeral: April 7, 1841", "Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup", Hopkins, John Tyler and the Presidential Succession, John Tyler (April 9, 1841) Upon Assuming the Office of President of the United States, The White House, Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison, "Essays on Article II: Presidential Succession", "A controversial President who established presidential succession", "William Henry Harrison: Impact and Legacy", "William Henry Harrison Birthday Tribute", "The United States Mint Coins and Medals Program", "John Tyler and the Presidential Succession", "Address Upon Assuming the Office of President of the United States", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, William Henry Harrison Papers Library of Congress, Papers of William Henry Harrison, 18001815, Announcement of William Henry Harrison Impending Death, Essays on Harrison, each member of his cabinet and First Lady, William Henry Harrison Biography and Fact File, Biography by Appleton's and Stanley L. Klos, "Life Portrait of William Henry Harrison", Representative of Ohio's 1st congressional district, Delegate of Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district, 1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, Equestrian statue of William Henry Harrison, Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district, Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States, United States Senate Committee on Armed Services, First International Conference of American States, List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Harrison&oldid=1151769568, 19th-century presidents of the United States, American people of the Northwest Indian War, Candidates in the 1836 United States presidential election, Candidates in the 1840 United States presidential election. [61], Harrison was concerned that Tecumseh's actions would endanger the statehood of Indiana, as well as his political future, leaving it "the haunt of a few wretched savages". His tenure, from March 4, 1841, to April Harrisons predecessor, Martin Van Buren, gave a speech of 3,800 words. The White House state rooms were still hung with black mourning crapes. As governor, he conducted treaty negotiations with Indian tribes that resulted in the cession of millions of acres of territory. The Whig Ladies of Alexandria presented a pro-Harrison banner to the local Tippecanoe club, which carried it in a Harrison campaign parade. [143] Harrison, age 68 at the time of his inauguration, was the oldest person to assume the U.S. presidency, a distinction he held until 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated at age 69. . Miller applied mustard plaster to his stomach and gave him a mild laxative, and he felt better that afternoon. In May 1814, however, he resigned his commission in a dispute with Secretary of War John Armstrong Jr. As a war hero, Harrison won election from Ohio to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1816. Tecumseh berated the condescending Harrison repeatedly, and insisted that the Fort Wayne Treaty was illegitimate, arguing that one tribe could not sell land without the approval of the other tribes. In an address to the Hamilton County Agricultural Board in 1831, he said that he had sinned in making whiskey and hoped that others would learn from his mistake and stop the production of liquors. Harrison's daughter-in-law, Jane Irwin Harrison, widow of Harrison's son, had served as hostess of the White House in Anna's place while Harrison was President. [50] Harrison was also able to conduct matters unquestioned by the government, as the administration changed hands from Jefferson to Madison. Jefferson directed Harrison to buy land for white settlement from the Native Americans, instructing him in a February 1803 letterto provide the tribes with effectual protection against wrongs from our own people, but to use trade to run up debt with the Indians so they would lop off some of their lands and sell them. Harrison defeated Van Buren in the 1840 presidential election. His father, Benjamin Harrison, was long prominent in Virginia politics and became a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1764, opposing Patrick Henrys Stamp Act resolutions in the following year. Exactly one month after taking the oath of office, Harrison was dead. [46] The territorial capital was eventually moved to Corydon in 1813, and Harrison built a second home at nearby Harrison Valley. [117][118], Harrison had been physically worn down by many persistent office seekers and a demanding social schedule. He rambled on for one hour and 45 minutes, uttering 8,845 words. On April 4, 1841, having only served 31 days in office, President William Henry Harrison died. His oldest son, Benjamin Harrison VI, took over Berkeley. Van Buren didnt attend the inauguration, following the lead set by the two other one-term presidents, John Adams and his son John Quincy Adams. Harrison was the seventh and youngest child of Benjamin Harrison V and Elizabeth (Bassett) Harrison, born on February 9, 1773, at Berkeley Plantation, the home of the Harrison family of Virginia on the James River in Charles City County. [5] He led an army north with 950 men to intimidate the Shawnee into making peace, but the tribes launched a surprise attack early on November 7 in the Battle of Tippecanoe. [72] Armstrong and Harrison had disagreed over the lack of coordination and effectiveness in the invasion of Canada, and Harrison resigned from the army in May. Soon thereafter, funds were cut off for Harrisons schooling, and at age eighteen he joined the First Infantry of the U.S. Army as an ensign after receiving a recommendation from Virginia governor Henry Light-Horse Harry Lee. [134], Harrison's cabinet insisted that Tyler was "Vice President acting as President". Harrison also appeared to give Webster's supporters some highly coveted patronage positions. They invited women to Harrison rallies and parades, where they waved white handkerchiefs as the marchers passed. [43] The Territory's general assembly convened in 1810, and its anti-slavery faction immediately repealed the indenturing laws previously enacted. Harrison told friends that he was so busy that he hardly had time to perform the necessary functions of nature., Harrison took daily walks around Washington, sometimes in the rain and cold. Tenskwatawa and his forces fled to Canada, and their campaign to unite the tribes of the region to reject assimilation failed. Harrison grew up among the elite of Virginia. A very long speech and a very short Presidential term. [96] Freehling relates that, "One bitter pro-Van Buren paper lamented after his defeat, 'We have been sung down, lied down and drunk down.' Although the Whig Party was in the minority in Illinios, Lincoln agreed with its policies and supported the party's Many of the Sauk resented the loss of lands, especially their leader Black Hawk. This letter is addressed to general Harrison; he demands that the Indian lands be returned. Lieutenant Harrison, who rendered the most essential service by communicating my orders in every direction conduct and bravery exciting the troops to press for victory. [123], The prevailing theory at the time was that his illness had been caused by the bad weather at his inauguration three weeks earlier. WebWilliam Henry Harrison 1841. [5] While benefiting from land speculation on his own behalf, and acquiring two milling operations, he was credited as a good administrator, with significant improvements in roads and other infrastructure. It left the former struck by Harrison's "deeply imbued principles of liberty". Never, the Cleveland Advertiser wrote, calling the precedent a bad one.. I remember distinctly how the window glass would break and rattle to the ground, after each report of the cannon they were firing in the burial ground. At Fort Meigs near the village of Toledo in Ohio, Harrisons forces withstood a siege by the British and their Native American allies led by Tecumseh. Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, the shortest presidency in United States history. Harrison wrote at the time, "we might look forward to a day when a North American sun would not look down upon a slave. With his homespun image in mind, he left his silk hat at home and wore his farmers clothes. [105] He promised to use patronage to create a qualified staff, not to enhance his own standing in government, and under no circumstance would he run for a second term. Updates? [10] With the influence of his father's friend, Governor Henry Lee III, he embarked upon a military career. Harrison was promoted to captain in 1797 and, for a brief period, served as commander of Fort Washington, resigning from the army in June 1798. After Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perrys naval victory in the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813, Harrison no longer had to remain on the defensive. [154][155], Equestrian statue of Harrison in Cincinnati, by Louis Rebisso, 1950 issue of Harrison on Indiana statehood stamp. The president was William Henry Harrison, who had been sworn in on March 4, 1841. John Adams named Harrison to succeed Winthrop Sargent as secretary of the Northwest Territory, a vast tract of land encompassing most of the future states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Tyler obliged and was sworn into office on April 6, 1841. The Indiana Territory held elections to the legislature's upper and lower houses for the first time in 1809. Harrison was assigned to Fort Washington in the small village of Cincinnati in the future Ohio Territory. Behind the casket trotted the riderless Whitey, the symbol of a fallen hero. Instead, in May 1800, Adams appointed Harrison governor of the newly created Indiana Territory, which comprised, until 1809, a much larger area than the present state of Indiana. The Northwest Territory's population reached a sufficient number to have a congressional delegate in October 1799, and Harrison ran for election. At first Harrison took no part in these raucous rallies. [21] Judge Symmes confronted him two weeks later at a farewell dinner for General Wayne, sternly demanding to know how he intended to support a family. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Journalist Richard Smith Elliott later wrote that Elder knew passion and prejudice, properly aroused and directed, would do about as well as principle and reason.. [5] Freehling claims that his expenses then well exceeded his means and he fell into debt, that Harrison chose "celebrity over duty", as he sought the adulation found at parties in New York, Washington, and Philadelphia, and that he became an office seeker. [3] His father was a Virginia planter, who served as a delegate to the Continental Congress (17741777) and who signed the Declaration of Independence. [141] She also received the right to mail letters free of charge. WebCreate your account. William Henry Harrison gives the longest inauguration speech in history, one hour and 45 minutes. Learn about Old Tippecanoe's marches against Native Americans and brief term as president of the United States. He rejected Tecumseh's claim that all the Indians formed one nation and said that each tribe could have separate relations with the United States if they chose to do so. View this answer. [90] He was chosen over more controversial members of the party, such as Clay and Webster; his campaign highlighted his military record and focused on the weak U.S. economy caused by the Panic of 1837. Daniel Webster ran in Massachusetts, and Mangum in South Carolina. While Tecumseh was away recruiting allies, Harrison led approximately 1,000 troops to attack the settlement, camping a short distance from Prophetstown. [133], Harrison's death called attention to an ambiguity in Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the Constitution regarding succession to the presidency. As a soldier, farmer, and outdoorsman, Harrison had spent much of his life in bad weather. The Whigs planned a traditional presidential campaign until a political attack forever changed campaigning. Today we are talking about William Henry Harrison. 1789. Despite being caught in a sudden rainstorm, he did not change his wet clothes upon return to the White House. [55] He donated $100 to encourage Lemen with abolition and other good works, and later another $20 to help fund the church known as Bethel Baptist Church. On his 32nd She was less-than-happy about the prospect. Afterward he said that Harrison is as tickled with the Presidency as is a young woman with a new bonnet. Harrison joined Tyler in Richmond on February 22 to celebrate Washingtons birthday and then returned to his boyhood home of Berkeley to write his inauguration speech. Benjamin Harrison was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and in 1781 he became the fifth elected governor of Virginia.

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