[63] While the MCSO website claimed 3,000 posse members, as of July 29, 2015, the posse had 986 members. The lawsuit was expanded when several individuals joined in with similar complaints. Mark Lamb, a sheriff who has appeared on several TV shows, is Arizona's first major GOP contender for a seat currently held by an independent. Former top MCSO staffers claimed that Arpaio knew of the acts alleged in the Munnell memo, but took no action to stop them. In September 2010, a 63-page internal memo written by Maricopa Deputy Chief Frank Munnell, was made public. The plaintiffs were represented by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF), and the law firm of Covington & Burling. [215], Arizona Governor Doug Ducey was among the politicians praising the pardon,[223] crediting Arpaio with helping to reduce crime over a long career, and Ducey also welcomed the finality that the pardon gave to the whole matter. You go after them, and you lock them up. Judge Snow temporarily halted further hearings in the case, but ultimately denied the motion and resumed holding hearings. She held that Trump's pardon "undoubtedly spared Defendant from any punishment that might otherwise have been imposed. [48] Arpaio stated he reserved the punishment of living in Tent City "for those who have been convicted. Two days after the hearing, having just been rebuked for mocking the court's order, Arpaio sent out a fundraising letter complaining of "Rampant UNFOUNDED [sic] charges of racism and racial profiling in my office. "He is loved in Arizona," Trump told reporters of Arpaio days after the pardon. Barbara Mundell, retired Superior Court judge: $500,000 settlement. [190], On May 10, 2012, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) in United States v. Maricopa County, et al (Case number 2:12-cv-981), filed suit against Arpaio, the MCSO, and Maricopa County, alleging that "The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) and Sheriff Joseph M. Arpaio have engaged and continue to engage in a pattern or practice of unlawful discriminatory police conduct directed at Latinos in Maricopa County and jail practices that unlawfully discriminate against Latino prisoners with limited English language skills. "[85], In August 2012, Sabrina Morrison filed a notice of claim against Arpaio and Maricopa County for gross negligence. In one case, he was a defendant in a decade-long suit in which a federal court issued an injunction barring him from conducting further "immigration round-ups". "[98][99], At least 11 individuals filed lawsuits or legal claims as a result of being targeted by Arpaio and Thomas. Period. [39][40][41], In 1993, Arpaio set up a "Tent City" which he described as a "concentration camp"[42] as a temporary extension of the Maricopa County Jail for convicted and sentenced prisoners. "[202] Arizona state officials, including Governor Jan Brewer and Secretary of State Ken Bennett, also dismissed Arpaio's objections and accepted the validity of Obama's birth certificate. [120], In 2008, a federal grand jury began an inquiry of Arpaio for abuse-of-power in connection with an FBI investigation. [206], In December 2014, after many warnings, U.S. District Judge G. Murray Snow told Arpaio there was a very real possibility that he would refer Arpaio to the U.S. Attorney's Office for criminal prosecution on contempt of court charges due to the MCSO's failure to comply with the court's order to stop its racial profiling practices. [88], When county supervisors provided more than $600,000 to fund six additional detective positions to investigate child abuse in fiscal 2007, none were added to the sex-crimes squad. In a December 2011 order, Judge Snow sanctioned Arpaio and the MCSO for acknowledged destruction of records in the case. [24] During his 25-year tenure with the DEA, he was stationed in Argentina, Turkey, and Mexico, and advanced through the ranks to the position of head of the DEA's Arizona branch. I've done it five times. [62] Because the MCSO lost its authority to enforce immigration law (both by losing its 287(g) authority and through a federal court order in Melendres v. Arpaio), as of 2013[update], the posse is no longer active. Joseph Michael Arpaio [2] ( / rpao /; born June 14, 1932) is an American former law enforcement officer and politician. Nightline contacted the MCSO after the interview and was told that of 7,346 crimes, only 944, or 15%, had been cleared by arrest. Sandi Wilson, deputy county manager and county budget director: $122,000 settlement. Many of the victims were children of illegal immigrants. "[221] Arpaio also declared that his conviction was "a political witch hunt by holdovers in the Obama justice department! He introduced pink handcuffs, using the event to promote his book, Sheriff Joe Arpaio, America's Toughest Sheriff. PHOENIX - Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio issued an official statement late Friday afternoon denying allegations by Meghan McCain, daughter of former presidential candidate John McCain, made on her blog earlier this week, claiming that Arpaio is cyber stalking her on Twitter. President Trump pardoned the controversial former Arizona sheriff for a misdemeanor criminal contempt conviction. [83], As a result of the detective's statements, Sabrina was branded by her family as a liar. [211] On October 11, 2016, federal prosecutors announced that they would press criminal contempt of court charges against Arpaio. In May and August 1995, the name Joe Arpaio was first mentioned on NPR. [165][166][167][168][169] On August 7, 2015, Arpaio asked the Ninth Circuit to remove Judge Snow from the case. [246] In the election on August 2, 2022, he failed to oust the incumbent Ginny Dickey, receiving 5,207 votes (49.0%).[247]. After more than two decades, the notorious project is finally closing Valeria Fernndez in Phoenix. The order stated that a civil penalty in the amount of three times the amount of money spent on the mailer would be imposed on Campaign to Re-Elect Joe Arpaio 2012. [92] In 2013, the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors voted to settle the suit for $3.75 million. [147] On May 24, 2013, Judge Snow issued a decision finding the policies and practices of Arpaio and his office discriminatory, in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. [171], As part of the contempt proceedings, Judge Snow concluded Arpaio and others had made intentionally false statements about the efforts to investigate him. Immigrants: Those most affected left out of debate", "Attorneys Allege 'Culture of Discrimination' in Arpaio's Office", "Joe Arpaio Runs Another "Employer Sanctions Operation" Get This Zero of 31 Arrested Are Employers", "Melendres v. Arpaio Decision on Sanctions Regarding Adverse Inferences at Trial", "Feds: Ariz. Sheriff Arpaio violated civil rights", "Ortega Melendres, et al. [238], On May 30, 2013, a recall attempt on Arpaio again failed only a week after a federal judge ruled that the sheriff's office had engaged in systematic discrimination against Latinos in violation of their constitutional rights. [240] In January 2018, Arpaio announced his intention to seek the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in 2018. "[150] Adopting the DOJ's recommendation, in August 2013 Judge Snow stated in a court hearing that he would be assigning an independent monitor. On September 2, 2010, the Department of Justice filed suit against Arpaio[183] to compel his cooperation with the investigation. He insisted, however, that his deputies didn't profile based on ethnicity or race.[141]. These included a credit card fraud case involving the Arizona Diamondbacks and a mortgage fraud case in Arpaio's home city of Fountain Hills. [212] On October 25, 2016, such charges were officially filed, though Arpaio would not be arrested and no mugshot would be taken. For years, Mark Lamb has called himself "the American Sheriff.". history. The panel found "clear and convincing evidence" that Thomas brought unfounded and malicious criminal and civil charges against political opponents, including four state judges and the Arizona Attorney General. [45] He later claimed that the "concentration camp" remark had been a joke, pointing out: "What difference does it make? U.S. District Judge Susan Bolton wrote that Arpaio had "willfully violated an order of the court" by failing "to ensure his subordinates' compliance and by directing them to continue to detain persons for whom no criminal charges could be filed." [103], In August 2010, following the filing of complaints to the Maricopa Elections Department, the Office of Maricopa County Attorney found that one of the advertisements, a direct mailer, advocated the defeat of Romley and was an in-kind contribution to Bill Montgomery (Romley's primary election opponent), in violation of Arizona election law. In January 2014, Judge Snow appointed Robert Warshaw, former Rochester, New York, police chief, to act as monitor over the MCSO. Silver of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona entered partial summary judgment for the DOJ, and against Arpaio, on the central racial-profiling allegations in the suit. ", "Maricopa County's officials tab for feuding hits $5.6 million", "Arizona Prosecutor Disbarred For Plotting Bad Arrests With 'America's Toughest Sheriff', "Andy Thomas Needs a Perp Walk With His Papi, Sheriff Joe Arpaio", "Investigator to recommend disbarment in Thomas ethics case", "Mary Rose Wilcox awarded $975,000 from Arpaio suit", "Maricopa County infighting, lawsuits cost taxpayers $44.4 million", "Joe Arpaio's campaign mailers violate rules, elections panel finds", "Office of Maricopa County Attorney: Campaign Finance Proceeding", "Joe Arpaio Fined $154K for "In-Kind Contribution" to Bill Montgomery (w/Update)", "Arpaio campaign fined for illegal mailers targeting Romley", "Joe Arpaio's office misspent funds, analysis says", "Joe Arpaio's office misused up to $80 million, Maricopa County says", "Joe Arpaio's staff misspent $99.5 million, budget officials say", "Maricopa Officials: Arpaio's Spending Illegal", "Maricopa County Sheriff's Office spent loosely", "Audit sought on how jail fund is spent by Maricopa County Sheriff's Office", "Joe Arpaio's Watergate: Read MCSO Deputy Chief Frank Munnell's Memo Here (w/Update) Phoenix News Feathered Bastard", "Joe Arpaio Knows All, and David Hendershott's His Lackey, Say Former Staffers and Critics", "Joe Arpaio aide's misconduct allegations investigated by U.S. Attorney's Office, FBI", "Man cleared of plot to bomb Sheriff Arpaio", "A Phony Murder Plot Against Joe Arpaio Winds Up Costing Taxpayers $1.1 Million", "Arizona sheriff under investigation for alleged abuse of power", "Feds close criminal investigation into Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio", "Judges file claims accusing Joe Arpaio, Andrew Thomas for abuse of power", "Dowling sues Arpaio, county for prosecution", "Arizona's Arpaio Testifies Race Not Factor in Arrests", "Arpaio vs. [73][82], In a controversial case, Arpaio's office was accused of ignoring Sabrina Morrison, a teenage girl suffering from a mental disability. [8], In 2007, Arpaio said that it was an "honor" for his department to be compared to the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist terrorist organization. I know that. What is joe arpaio's education. and promising to reinstitute the severe prison conditions he imposed in the past. He claimed this saved the county $70,000 in the first year the rule was in effect. [208], In March 2015, a month before the scheduled contempt hearing, Arpaio admitted that he violated several court orders, and consented to a finding of civil contempt against him. [91] Lacey and Larkin filed a federal Section 1983 lawsuit for the violations of their civil rights, and in 2012 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that they could sue the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office for the arrests. In 2019, an 87-year-old Arpaio said he decided for the first time in his life who his hero was: Trump. The case was initially assigned to U.S. District Judge Mary Murguia. Moreover, he acknowledges that MCSO provides no training to reduce the risk of racial profiling, stating 'if we do not racial profile, why would I do a training program? [152][153], Subsequent to Judge Snow's October 2013 order, Arpaio was videotaped during a training session for MCSO deputies, saying "we don't racially profile. "[217], Trump also announced his decision on Twitter, declaring that Arpaio is an "American patriot" who had "kept Arizona safe. [225][226][227][228][229] Several experts on authoritarianism described the pardon as illiberal and said that it undermined the rule of law. She told her teacher the next day, and her teacher called the MCSO. [17], Arpaio was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, on June 14, 1932,[18] to Italian parents, both from Lacedonia, Italy. Sheriff Joe Arpaio's lawyers achieved what they set out to do on May 22, . Arpaio's attorneys now are asking U.S. District Judge Susan Bolton for a new trial or to reconsider her verdict, arguing Arpaio was wrongfully denied a jury trial. A Federal court monitor was appointed to oversee his office's operations because of complaints of racial profiling. Arpaio expressed. [84], In December 2011, responding to continuing media coverage of the controversy, and apparently unaware that there were hundreds of victims in these cases, Arpaio stated in a press conference, "If there were any victims, I apologize to those victims. [123], Arpaio was investigated for politically motivated and "bogus" prosecutions, which a former U.S. Attorney called "utterly unacceptable". Susan Schuerman, Stapley's executive assistant: $500,000 settlement. Her uncle continued to rape her repeatedly, saying he would kill her if she told anyone. [107][108], The analysis also showed a number of inappropriate spending items including a trip to Alaska where deputies stayed at a fishing resort, and trips to Disneyland. I still survived. But in 2020, Lamb let slip . [13] In a separate racial-profiling case which concluded in 2013, Arpaio and his subordinates were found to have unfairly targeted Hispanics in conducting traffic stops. [56] Arpaio subsequently started to sell customized pink boxers (with the Maricopa County Sheriff's logo and "Go Joe") as a fund-raiser for Sheriff's Posse Association. Sheriff's administrators concluded they had no idea where positions were added or what became of the money after it was added to the budget. The court's findings and documents in the record of the case should stand and now will stand. U.S. Senate hopeful Joe Arpaio, 85, who boasted of being "America's Toughest Sheriff" while holding the office in Maricopa County, Arizona for 24 years, has had a few run-ins with the law. [111], The Republic also found that a restricted jail-enhancement fund was improperly used to pay for out-of-state training, a staff party at a local amusement park, and a $456,000 bus which Arpaio purchased in violation of county procurement rules.[107][112]. [101], As of June 2014, costs to Maricopa County taxpayers related to Arpaio's and Thomas's failed corruption investigations exceeded $44 million, not including staff time. ")[160][161] Subsequently, MCSO Chief Deputy Jerry Sheridan testified that there was no investigation into Snow, his wife, or his family. Gary Donahoe, retired Superior Court judge: $1,275,000 settlement. Patrick Morrison was arrested and charged in February 2012; he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 24 years in prison. He served as the 36th Sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona for 24 years, from 1993 to 2017, losing reelection to Democrat Paul Penzone in 2016. He served as a police officer in Las Vegas for six months before being appointed as a special agent with the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, which later became part of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). A Reality Star Sheriff Could Swing A Senate Race To The Far Right. Although Braillard "groaned and cried for help as she defecated and vomited on herself and others," guards refused to listen to pleas to medical treatment for Braillard, who went into a diabetic coma and died while chained to a hospital bed. [207] Judge Snow found Arpaio's arguments unavailing, and, in January 2015, announced that Arpaio would face a contempt hearing in April 2015 for violating court orders in Melendres v. [195] The partial settlement, however, did not resolve the claims of discriminatory policing. [34] In February 2007, Arpaio instituted an in-house radio station he called KJOE,[35] broadcasting classical music, opera, Frank Sinatra hits, patriotic music, and educational programming five days a week, four hours each day. [114] Arpaio has not commented publicly on the allegations. Arpaio struck a publicity gold . Joe Arpaio, the Arizona lawman who once proclaimed himself "America's toughest sheriff" and was largely praised by conservatives for his hard-line policing tactics, was found guilty Monday of. [104] In September 2010, Arpaio's campaign was fined $153,978. [64], Arpaio was a controversial sheriff. [213], On July 31, 2017, Arpaio was found guilty of criminal contempt of court. "[117], In 2004, Saville, following the acquittal, sued Arpaio and Maricopa County for wrongful arrest and entrapment. Senator Jeff Flake of Arizona. [115], In 1999, undercover MCSO deputies arrested James Saville, then 18 years old, and charged him with plotting to kill Arpaio with a pipe bomb. Former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio. [15] He lost the primary election to his former right-hand man, Jerry Sheridan. This decision revoked the MCSO's federal authority to identify and detain illegal immigrants. Some inmates complained that fans near their beds were not working, and that their shoes were melting from the heat. "[59][60], In 2004, Arpaio ordered all undocumented immigrants then in jail to register for the Selective Service System. "[200], Some of the major claims presented by Arpaio were subsequently shown to be false; specifically, the 1961 Vital Statistics Instruction Manual that Arpaio and his team claimed to possess contradicted what they claimed it said, and images shown by them, purportedly from that manual, were instead from computer specifications dated 1968 and 1969. [29] In late 2008 and early 2009, Arpaio appeared in SmileYou're Under Arrest!, a three-episode Fox Reality Channel series in which persons with outstanding warrants were tricked into presenting themselves for arrest.[30]. [14], Although Arpaio sought another term as Maricopa County Sheriff in 2016, the contempt of court conviction eroded much of his remaining political support, and he was defeated in the election by Paul Penzone, a Democrat who reversed many of Arpaio's policies after taking office. Arpaio says he has a soft spot for people from other countries and that his parents immigrated to the United States from Italy. These investigations resulted in: lawsuits against the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors, a federal civil-racketeering suit against the supervisors, four judges, and attorneys who worked with the county; and filing of criminal charges against several individuals. "[128], Starting in 2005, Arpaio regularly conducted saturation patrols and immigration sweeps, targeting Latino neighborhoods[129][130] and day laborers. [43][44] It was located in a yard next to a more permanent structure. Barbara Mundell, Maricopa Superior Court Presiding Judge, Anna Baca, former Maricopa Superior Court Presiding Judge, Gary Donahoe, Maricopa Superior Court Criminal Presiding Judge, Sandra Dowling, former Maricopa County School Superintendent, This page was last edited on 17 March 2023, at 10:17. Ava Arpaio, the wife of former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio, died on Saturday. '"[133] Judge Snow expanded the complaint into a class-action lawsuit, including all Latino drivers stopped by the Sheriff's Office since 2007, or who will be stopped in the future. "[126], The Justice Department accused Arpaio of engaging in "unconstitutional policing" by unfairly targeting Latinos for detention and arrest, and retaliating against critics. [196], At two press conferences held in March 2012, Arpaio and members of his Cold Case Posse claimed that President Barack Obama's long-form birth certificate, released by the White House on April 27, 2011,[197] is a computer-generated forgery. [90] On the evening that the article was published, Lacey and Larkin were arrested by plainclothes sheriff's deputies, "handcuffed, put in dark SUVs with tinted windows and driven to jail. "[47] Tent City was criticized by groups contending that there were violations of human and constitutional rights. Arpaio's jail detention practices included serving inmates Nutraloaf[31] and edibles recovered from food rescue[32] and limiting meals to twice daily. While there, he sold passage on the Phoenix E space rocket, which was hoped to take off from either Edwards Air Force Base or Vandenberg Air Force Base on the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' voyage to the new world. The memo alleged that top officials in the MCSO "willfully and intentionally committed criminal acts by attempting to obstruct justice, tamper with witnesses, and destroy evidence. [38] The episode told the story of the Ecstasy dealer Shaun Attwood who started the blog Jon's Jail Journal. She became pregnant by him, and had an abortion. [150], A DOJ representative said that the agency was left with no choice but to file suit after Arpaio's attorneys balked at a demand for a court-appointed monitor to ensure the sheriff's office complied with any settlement terms. "[173], In a ruling issued in October 2010, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ordered Arpaio to comply with Judge Wake's 2008 ruling, which required Arpaio to end the overcrowding and to ensure all detainees received necessary medical and mental health care; be given uninterrupted access to all medications prescribed by correctional medical staff; be given access to exercise and to sinks, toilets, toilet paper and soap; and be served food that met or exceeded the U.S. Department of Agriculture's dietary guidelines. [68] Controversies surrounding Arpaio included allegations of racial profiling, for which the ACLU sued the sheriff's office. [23], Following his army discharge in 1954, Arpaio moved to Washington, D.C., and became a police officer, moving in 1957 to Las Vegas, Nevada. Joshua Lott/GettyAuthors' note: Joe Arpaio, the man once known as America's Toughest Sheriff, gained international fame for his immigration enforcement crackdowns in Maricopa County, Arizona . County legal expenses: $81,040. "My beloved wife Ava passed away over the weekend with my family and I at her side," Arpaio said in a statement. Both of his parents were from Lacedonia, Italy. [28] Throughout his tenure as sheriff Arpaio sought out media coverage. [224][225], A number of law professors and political scientists described the pardon as troubling and unusual. County legal expenses: $458,318. Here you will get Joe Arpaio's net worth, weight, height net worth, girlfriend, educational qualification and complete bio. In 1996, he expanded the chain gang concept by instituting female volunteer chain gangs. [76], In an interview on the ABC's Nightline news program, when asked to explain why 82 percent of cases were declared cleared by exception, Arpaio said, "We do clear a higher percentage of that. The charges were filed just two weeks before an election in which Arpaio was running for re-election. [12], On August 25, 2017, President Donald Trump pardoned Arpaio for his conviction for criminal contempt of court, a decision that provoked considerable controversy. He was featured and profiled by news media worldwide and claimed to average 200 television appearances per month. Ava Arpaio, wife of former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio, is recovering after she was bitten by a rattlesnake at their Fountain Hills home Friday morning, the former sheriff confirmed. Trump's 2017 pardon provided relief, and hope for a political rebirth. ", "Thank you @realdonaldtrump for seeing my conviction for what it is: a political witch hunt by holdovers in the Obama justice department! [54] Female inmates worked seven hours a day (7 a.m. to 2 p.m.), six days a week. [178] The county spent an additional $1.8 million in legal fees on the Braillard case. As a result of the potential for ethical conflicts arizing from Arpaio's and Sheridan's testimony, Casey withdrew as legal counsel for Arpaio and the MCSO. According to Arpaio, 100% of the persons arrested for using stolen IDs in 57 raids conducted up until March 2012 were in the country illegally. U.S. Arizona Taxpayer Sheriff Joe Arpaio Taxpayers in Arizona's Maricopa County have paid $100 million in legal fees, costs and settlements throughout and since Joe Arpaio's controversial. In April 2015, the case settled for $3.5 million. "[219] The Washington Post fact-checker gave the claim "Four Pinocchios" (its worst rating), noting that Arpaio was convicted by two federal judges: a Bush-appointed federal judge, and a federal judge respected by both Republicans and Democrats. ", In February 2012, Mike Zullo, the "MCSO Cold Case Posse Chief Investigator" and, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, United States District Court for the District of Arizona, Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund, United States Department of Homeland Security, Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories, "Federal judge refuses to erase Joe Arpaio's conviction despite Trump pardon", "Sheriff Joe Arpaio has always done it his way: Chapter 2; A lone wolf from the outset", "Another Plot Against Tough Sheriff, With a Twist", "Supreme Court Rejects Much of Arizona Immigration Law", "Tea party activists rally on Arizona-Mexico border", "Supreme Court mostly rejects Arizona immigration law; gov says 'heart' remains", "At a glance: Supreme Court decision on Arizona's immigration law", "Joe Arpaio: Obama's birth certificate is a 'phony document', "Sheriff Joe Arpaio: 5-year investigation proves Obama birth certificate is fake', "Trump, Playing to His Base, Pardons Anti-Immigrant Sheriff Joe Arpaio", "With a pardon from Trump, Arpaio remains above the law", "Trump pardons ex-Arizona sheriff Joe Arpaio", "Donald Trump pardons Joe Arpaio, former sheriff convicted in racial profiling case", "Roberts: Joe Arpaio just cost you another $4.5 million", "Former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio found guilty of criminal contempt of court", "Sheriff Joe Arpaio gets pardon from Donald Trump", "Federal Judge Finds Violations of Rights by Sheriff Joe Arpaio", "Ex-sheriff Joe Arpaio, pardoned by Trump, wants his old job back", "Joe Arpaio loses sheriff's race in second failed comeback bid", "Joe Arpaio running for Fountain Hills mayor in 2022", "Sheriff Joe Arpaio Slammed in Federal Civil Rights Probe Report", "Timeline: The rise and fall of Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio", "Apaio's travel agency offers 'affordable' bookings on space flights", "Janet Napolitano's embarrassing history with Sheriff Joe Arpaio", "Judge backs county inmates in jail case", "Judge: County failed to improve jails' medical, mental-health conditions", "Sheriff Joe Arpaio Brags His Tent City Jail Is A Concentration Camp", "Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County, Cause No. Arpaio rejected the notion of a court-appointed monitor, and denied that the MCSO engaged in racial profiling. Arpaio, who was convicted earlier this year of criminal contempt for illegal detentions of undocumented immigrants, was subsequently pardoned in August by President Trump.

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