At the time of Masons death on Nov. 17, 1961, COGIC had a membership of more than 400,000 and more than 4,000 churches in United States as well as congregations in Europe, South America, Africa, and Asia. Learn more about managing a memorial . Bishop C.H. Bishop Mason died on November 17, 1961 in Detroit, MI at the age of 95. Mason won the legal rights to the Church of God in Christ name and charter, and established his work in Memphis. Charles Harrison Mason Sr. (September 8, 1864 - November 17, 1961) was an American Pentecostal-Holiness pastor and minister. Charles Masson was born on February 16, 1800 (died on January 01, 1853, he was 52 years old) in Greater London. Gathering young followers around him in the late 1960s, Manson claimed to believe in a coming race war in America. Through Bishop Mason's leadership COGIC went from being a small Southern holiness denomination in 1897, to a Pentecostal-Holiness denomination in 1907, to the largest Pentecostal . Mason was also a proponent of education: He established the Saints Industrial and Literary School in Lexington, Mississippi, which eventually became Saints College. After moving the COGIC headquarters to Memphis, Mason established additional departments and auxiliaries, created dioceses, and appointed overseers throughout the country. [1] [2] He was the founder and first Senior Bishop of the Church of God in Christ, based in Memphis, Tennessee. Learn more about merges. Mason and Jones decided to form a new fellowship of churches. [4] Saxton would succumb to illness and die in 1904. Bishop Charles Harrison Mason Sr. (September 8, 1866 November 17, 1961) was an American HolinessPentecostal pastor and minister. Both were expelled from the Baptist Church for heresy. As the church continued to grow, he established departments and auxiliaries including the Women's Department, Sunday School, and Young People Willing Workers (YPWW) which is known today as the International Youth Department (IYD). To use this feature, use a newer browser. His mother, a former slave, had exposed her children to a religious culture composed of emotional prayer, song, dance, and most important of all, clandestine brush harbor meetings, according to Whites book. Its to me strange that I now serve as pastor of the church that he served.. In 1997, it had grown to an estimated 5.2 million. Mason relocated his new church to Memphis Tennessee in 1940. The secret mine that hid the Nazis' stolen treasure. He did have a comical and funny side to him, Patterson said. Mason traveled the length and breadth of the country and many foreign lands preaching and establishing COGIC churches. In 1895, Mason met Charles Price Jones, a popular Baptist preacher from Mississippi. Bishop Charles Harrison Mason was the founder and first senior bishop of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), presently the largest African-American Pentecostal church in the United States. Mason was ordained, receiving his license to preach in Preston, Arkansas in 1893. Mason as general overseer and appointed D.J. William J. Seymours church. In November of 1878 Charles Mason was baptized; however, he did not begin to minister until after his illness. Masonwas a traditional "Root (Hoodoo) Man." those fearful and difficult days, the young Mason worked hard, having little chance for schooling. The FBI created a file on him during World War I because of his personal view and interracial cooperation. The denomination continued to grow. Praise His most wonderful name! It developed into what is today the largest Holiness Pentecostal church denomination and one of the largest predominantly African-American Christian denominations in the United States. Thats what Bishop Masons legacy is, Hall said. Make sure that the file is a photo. All rights reserved. "Bishop Mason preached my grandfather from sin and converted him to holiness in 1912, turned our entire family around," Hall said. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6806201/charles-harrison-mason. In 1969, his followers, known as the Manson Family, killed nine people. Failed to delete flower. Mason Temple was dedicated in 1945, then the largest convention hall owned by a black religious group in the United States. "I think the growth can only be attributed to the hand of God on Bishop Mason and his willingness to follow the directives the Lord gave him concerning the establishment of the church," said Bishop Charles H. Mason Patterson Sr., pastor of Pentecostal Temple COGIC. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Charles Mason (6806201)? Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. Try again later. Born a slave near Bartlett, Tennessee, Mason served as Senior Bishop of the denomination from 1907 until his death in 1961. In 2014, Manson was granted a marriage licence to wed a 26-year-old woman who said she loved him, but the licence expired and the marriage did not go ahead. After being expelled from the Baptist Convention, Mason founded COGIC in Memphis. Today, Hall pastors Temple COGIC, which was once Mason's church. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? "They were seeking to change the expectations of what a Christian life could be," said Bishop David Daniels, chair of the board of education for COGIC and professor at McCormick Theological Seminary. Sharon Tate, here with husband Roman Polanski, was eight and a half months pregnant when she was murdered, Manson believed in a coming race war in America, The secret mine that hid the Nazis' stolen treasure. . Mason, Jones, and their colleagues were vehemently opposed and eventually expelled from Baptist churches via the National Baptist Convention. Bishop Mason was one who lifted African Americans who were former slaves and the children of slaves, lifted them up from the degradation of slavery, ex-slavery, the brokenness of poverty, said Bishop David HallSr., prelate of the Tennessee headquarters of the Church of God in Christ. My soul was then satisfied.. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. Mass murderer Charles Manson died from acute cardiac arrest complicated by a battle with colon cancer. The early movement in the United States continued the inter-racialism of Azusa Street. In 1951, he set up a "special commission" and selected Bishop A. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. In 1945, Mason dedicated Mason Temple in Memphis as the churchs national meeting site and the international headquarters of the Church of God in Christ. It's this interesting situation where African Americans are supervising white clergy, white pastors during this time of segregation.". There are no volunteers for this cemetery. The epidemic claimed his father's life in 1879. Authorities said Manson died. Despite this new racial separation, Mason maintained a warm fellowship with the white Pentecostals. By 1917 Church Of God In Christ congregations were organized in Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, and Brooklyn. Please enter your email and password to sign in. These men spread the doctrine of Holiness and Sanctification throughout the African-American Baptist churches in Mississippi, Arkansas, and western Tennessee. Growing up, Patterson said he remembered hearing his father describe Mason as someone who prayed often throughout the day. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Years after Mason's death in 1961, people in Memphis speak about the influence he had on their grandparents or great grandparents. Also in 1952, Bishop Mason revised the constitution of COGIC to determine the leadership and succession of the church after his demise.[7][8]. Studying sanctification, Mason crossed paths with another minister (Charles Price Jones) while in Jackson Mississippi who believed in and preached holiness. Bishop Masonwould illustrate his sermons by pointing out "earthly signs" and he used "roots" to supposedly discern God's will. They were attacked by racist whites, but publicity surrounding the attack brought new members to the fledgling church. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. Charles Voyde Harrelson (July 23, 1938 . Soon after his experience in Los Angeles, he returned to Mississippi preaching the new Pentecostal teachings on the Baptism of the Holy Ghost. By the time of Bishop Mason's death in 1961, COGIC had spread to every state in the Union and to many foreign countries; its membership was more than 400,000 and it had more than 4000 churches. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) developed a file on C.H. Bishop Charles Harrison Mason, the founder of Church of God in Christ. "You have this very interesting phenomena that at the beginning of racial segregation, the Church of God in Christ as a larger body is interracial," Daniels said. [4] A year after the death of his first wife, he courted and married Lelia Washington in 1905,[5] and to this union were born seven children. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. You can always change this later in your Account settings. Under his leadership the church experienced phenomenal growth. In the years that followed, Mason directed his fledgling denomination. Bishop Mason personally carried the holiness doctrine far beyond the mid-south. Through the dynamic preaching of Mason and the prolific writings and hymnology of Jones, Sanctified or Holiness churches sprang up throughout the South and Southwest. I also thank God for Elder Seymour who came and preached a wonderful sermon. Manson was sentenced to death in 1971, but in 1972, California abolished the death penalty, thereby commuting Manson's sentence to life. His father and mother, Jerry and Eliza Mason, were members of a Missionary Baptist Church, having been converted during the dark crises of American Slavery. I turned my eyes at once, then I awoke and the interpretation came. He was extremely dedicated to his children, his sons and daughters, Patterson said. Today, the denomination founded by Mason, the son of former slaves, is the largest Pentecostal denomination in the United States, with more than 6.5 million members. On Saturday, June 25, 2011, Bishop Patterson died of kidney failure at the age of 76. [4][8][5], In June 1896, these men conducted a revival, preaching the message of Sanctification and Holiness that eventually led to their expulsion from the local Baptist association. In 1952, Mason was the elder statesman attending the Pentecostal world Conference at London, England. From that point in his life, Mason went throughout the area of southern Arkansas as a lay preacher, giving his testimony and working with souls on the mourners' bench, especially during the summer camp meetings. In November 1893, Mason enrolled at the Arkansas Baptist College, but withdrew after three months to transfer to the Ministers Institute at the College; he graduated from the Institute in 1895. Among the victims of the killing spree was heavily pregnant Hollywood actress Sharon Tate, wife of Roman Polanski. Hearing Seymours powerful sermons, he had a life-changing experience and traveled back to the South to share his knowledge of this new church and its leaders. Read about our approach to external linking. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. Morris - pastor of Centennial Baptist Church at Helena, Arkansas, and president of the Arkansas Baptist State Convention. Then I saw that I had a right to be glad and not sad.". After days and nights of intensive debating over the Baptism of the Holy Ghost with initial evidence of speaking in tongues, Mason and Jones separated, and the church split. Contributions of these leaders are legendary in every respect. A slim, articulate man, sporting a bow tie and a pencil-thin mustache, Mason had a profound knowledge of the Bible despite little formal education. While walking down the street in Little Rock Arkansas in 1907, Mason had a revelation from God instructing him to name his church organization the Church of God In Christ. Mason suggested the name "the Church of God in Christ," a name that he said came to him during a vision in Little Rock, Arkansas. Add to your scrapbook. My language changed and no word could I speak in my own tongue. This has had an impact on Pattersons own life, he said, as hes tried to remember not to lose himself in his ministry, but to continue to be a family man. It has over eight million members in over 1,500 churches in the United States and various locations in Africa, South America, Asia, and Europe. He preached in their conventions and maintained a strong fellowship with two prominent white Pentecostal leaders: A.J. For other people named Charles Mason, see, Conversion to Holiness and Pentecostalism, Personal testimony of receiving the baptism with the Holy Ghost, Founder and Senior Bishop of the Church of God in Christ, National Council of Churches (February 2, 2010). "Bishop Mason was one who lifted African Americans who were former slaves and the children of slaves, lifted them up from the degradation of slavery, ex-slavery, the brokenness of poverty," said Bishop David Hall Sr., prelate of the Tennessee headquarters of the Church of God in Christ. I was filled with the Glory of the Lord. Power Course Live Interactive Virtual Learning. He traveled often to evangelize, including to the Caribbean and Great Britain. Although Mason received a license to preach from the Mount Gale Missionary Baptist Church in Arkansas, where his family had moved after leaving Memphis, Mason was expelled from the Baptist Convention after preaching the doctrine of holiness and sanctification. Bishop Mason died at age ninety-five in Harper's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, on November 17, 1961. Try again later. Try again later. I. S. An evangelist, she served as executive secretary for the Missions Department edited The Whole Truth, COGIC's official newspaper and wrote the history of the church. Jones, Sr. served as Senior Bishop. Mason because of his pacifism and interracialism. Large numbers obtained credentials carrying the name COGIC. So when He had gotten me straight on my feet, there came a light which enveloped my entire being above the brightness of the sun. As people joined, lives were made better.. Bishop Charles Harrison Mason was the founder and first senior bishop of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), the second largest Pentecostal church in the United States. His grandfather, who had a third-grade education, raised 12 children with his wife. Short answer: Nope. Search above to list available cemeteries. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. He lived to see the Church Of God In Christ become a major denomination and one of the largest Pentecostal bodies in the world. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. His parents, Jerry and Eliza Mason, former slaves, were members of a Missionary Baptist Church, which served as a source of strength for them in the distressing times that followed the Civil War. At about the same time, Mason and other leaders in the church began to hear about the Azusa Street Revival, where African American preacher William Seymour led large gatherings of both black and white worshippers in emotional prayer, weeping and ecstatic spiritual experiences. In 1943, after the death of his second wife in 1936, he married his third and final wife, Elsie Washington (no relation to Leila Washington), who died in 2006. 0 cemeteries found in Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, USA. In the early sixties, Bishop O.T. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. In 1935 a storefront church was opened at 137th and Lenox Avenue, placing Bishop Mason's message before the largest urban black population in America. "It's to me strange that I now serve as pastor of the church that he served.". Charles relocated to Little Rock Arkansas to attend Arkansas Baptist College, a historically black college. All rights reserved. MEMPHIS, TN (WMC) - Fifty-four years ago, news broke that Charles Harrison Mason died at the age of 99. Mason traded to the Hornets for Larry Johnson He died at a local hospital at 4:27 pm. Today, it has an estimated 6.5 million members. Mason and another expelled Baptist preacher then formed the Church of God in Christ, which grew to about 110 churches in 1906 throughout Mississippi and Arkansas, with a few in Oklahoma and one in Texas, Daniels said. King of the Pentecostal Holiness Church (PHC, Franklin Springs, Georgia). In November 1893, Mason entered Arkansas Baptist College, founded by Dr. E.C. His parents, Jerry and Eliza Mason, former slaves, were members of a Missionary Baptist Church, which served as a source of strength for them in the distressing times that followed the Civil War. Bishop Mason died at age ninety-five in Harper's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, on November 17, 1961. Bishop Charles Harrison Mason Marker Inscription. The following year Charles, at the age of fourteen, was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Nelson, baptized him in an atmosphere of praise and thanksgiving. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. ", "Then, I began to ask for the baptism of the Holy Ghost according to Acts 2:4("All were filled with the Holy Spirit. Then a voice spoke to me saying, "If there is anything wrong with you, Christ will find it and take it away and marry youSomeone said, 'Let us sing.' The denomination continued to grow. Nevertheless, it was sweet to me. Jerry, incapacitated with Yellow-Fever, passed in 1879. Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. But at an early age, he was influenced by his parents religion. A payment of $1,000.00 was made on the lots located at 225-229 South Wellington Street, which cost $15,750.00. Failed to delete memorial. Masons first marriage ended in divorce since his wife opposed Masons desire to be in the ministry. Charles Manson's followers carried out murders on his orders. On February 8, 1950, a meeting was called by the pastor. When Mason was just twelve years old, a Yellow Fever epidemic forced his family to leave the Memphis area for Plumerville, Arkansas, where they lived on John Watson's plantation as tenant farmers. The oral tradition of COGIC claims that Mason's bio-logical father's name was Jerry Mason, who served and died in the Civil War. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. He was elected the General Overseer of his group. Bishop Charles E. Blake officiated over the funeral. This is a carousel with slides. By 1914 segregation had been reestablished through white initiative, and white Pentecostals went their separate way. Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. Smith had converted to the new wave of Holiness that was spreading during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Seymour and C.H. "During the years of the Great Migration, Memphis became a popular destination for poor rural Delta blacks, and this ever-increasing population brought Mason a steady flow of converts who transplanted their religious customs and traditions once practiced on plantations into urban Memphis.". Goldie Frinks Wells, former head of a school founded by Mason, said she heard stories of her grandmother, who grew up in North Carolina, hearing Mason preach when visiting her church. Charles Harrison Mason 1866-1961 An outstanding preacher and the founder of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), the largest African-American Pentecostal denomination of the twentieth century, Charles Harrison "Bishop" Mason ordained both black and white clergy in the early 1900s, when few did so. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Charles Manson, the notorious cult leader who directed his followers to commit a string of brutal murders, and who became a symbol of the dark side of 1960s counterculture, has died aged 83. Mason suggested the name Church of God in Christ, after what he described as a vision in Little Rock, Ark., to distinguish the church from a number of Church of God groups forming at that time. My soul was then satisfied.". Over the course of his four decades in prison, Manson applied for parole 12 times. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? In 1917, he was monitored by the government for speaking in opposition to America's entrance and support of World War I. Media. Mason is credited with bringing the Pentecostal faith back to the South. Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. In the United States, however, it has become less racially diverse, Daniels said. Most populous nation: Should India rejoice or panic? Mason had both hermeneutical and cultural suspicions of the methods, philosophy, and curriculum set forth at the college. Is climate change killing Australian wine? [5], In 1926, Mason further organized COGIC by authorizing the church's constitution outlining the bylaws, rules, and regulations of the church. Looking up towards the heavens, there appeared a man at my side. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. The Birth Of Charles Manson Jr. Charles Manson Jr. was born in 1956, one year after his father married Rosalie Jean Willis in Ohio. The further away you get from that, I think the vision dims.. Along with being a powerful and anointed man of God,he remained down to earth.. Oops, we were unable to send the email. Immediate Family: Son of William Newton Mason and Josephine C. Sanders/Saunders. Try again. Mason and the roots of the Church of God in Christ All books by Ithiel C. Clemmons Book Details: Release Date: January 1, 1997 Cover: Paperback Size: 9 x 6 x 0.6 inches Page Count: 208 pages Category: AFRICAN/AMERICAN Cover Style: Vertical Portable Publisher: Pneumalife Publishers Subject: Youth/Religion Because Jones was already a pastor, he became a mentor to Charles. Thomlinson of the Church of God (CG, Cleveland, Tennessee) and J.H. Mason believed Pentecostalism was the experience described in the New Testament, but it also hearkened back to the religion of his childhood. In 1907, for example, he traveled to Norfolk, Virginia, holding a three-week revival that planted the seed of Pentecost on the east coast. Mason was born a slave on a plantation in Shelby County and overcame poor health when he was ordained as a minister. Born on 8 September 1864 or 1866 in Bartlett, Tennessee, to parents who had been slaves, Mason grew up intending to be a minister. Olive Baptist Church near Plumerville where the pastor, Mason's half-brother, the Reverend I.S. Of those 12, 10 graduated college. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. In the early 21st century, it is the largest Pentecostal Church in the United States, with an estimated membership of more than 7 million members and 12,000 churches. A system error has occurred. I saw myself standing alone and had a dry roll of paper in my mouth trying to swallow it. If church members had a dispute, he'd have them pray until there was a resolution. From that point in his life, Mason went throughout the area of southern Arkansas as a lay preacher, giving his testimony and working with souls on the mourners' bench, especially during the summer camp meetings. This recognition allowed clergy to perform marriages, to carry out other ministerial functions having legal consequences, and thus entitling them to certain economic advantages such as the right to obtain reduced clergy rates on railroads. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. Olive Baptist Church near Plumerville where the pastor, Mason's half-brother, the Reverend I.S. Nelson. Charles Harrison Mason founded the Church of God in Christ (COGIC). Mason met with Charles Price Jones in late 1895, the newly elected pastor of the Mt. Church of God in Christ was once a small group of churches led by Charles Harrison Mason. COGIC founder died on this day in history, Mother arrested for leaving children home alone to go to gym, police say, 3-year-old dies in crash after mother swerves to avoid stopped traffic, deputies say, 14 year-old girl dies after being fatally shot by 12 year-old brother, MPD confirms. "The second night of prayer I saw a vision. Mason joined the African-American Missionary Baptist Church when he was an adolescent and later received his license to preach from the Mount Gale Missionary Baptist Church in Preston, Ark. They became very close friends. Before Manson's death sentence could be carried out, California outlawed capital punishment and his sentence was reduced to nine life sentences. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. However, he is most known for his consistent, disciplined and deliberate prayer life. Founder of the Church Of God In Christ, the largest black Pentecostal denomination. Seymour taught that baptism in the Holy Spirit would be accompanied by speaking in tongues, and it was at the revival that Mason himself received the baptism of the Holy Ghost and spoke in tongues for the first time, according to The Rise to Respectability: Race, Religion, and the Church of God in Christ by Calvin WhiteJr. When I opened my mouth to say glory, a flame touched my tongue which ran down in me, Mason later wrote. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. COGIC now has congregations established in more than 59 countries, consisting of more than 6.5 million members. Family members linked to this person will appear here. Jerry Ramsey,The Late Apostle of C.H. When he closed his sermon, he said 'All of those that want to be sanctified or baptized with the Holy Ghost, go to the upper room; and all those that want to be justified, come to the altar. Russia launches pre-dawn missile attack on Ukraine, Chaos at port as thousands rush to leave Sudan. You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. Mason won the legal rights to the Church of God in Christ name and charter, and established his work in Memphis. Thus in 1897, a major new black denomination was born. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. Young, Mason's constant companion, as editor of the new periodical, The Whole Truth. Manson "died of natural causes at 8:13 pm (04:13 GMT Monday) on Sunday" at a hospital in Kern County, the California Department of Corrections said in a statement. Mason, while walking along a street in Little Rock, Arkansas, received the revelation of the name, Church Of God In Christ (COGIC) (1 Thess 2:14; 2 Thess 1:1). ford in 1989. 2012 - 2023 Reach The Nations Kingdom College - All Rights Reserved. He averaged 14.6 points and 9.3 rebounds during the 1995-96 season. He held revival services in an abandoned cotton-gin house. Dr. Gayraud Wilmore, a most careful and respected scholar, says, "This movement, begun by C.H. As a child, Mason was greatly influenced by the religion of his parents. based on information from your browser. When Charles was twelve years old his family moved to Plumerville, Arkansas due to a Yellow-Fever epidemic that struck the Memphis area. Wilmore's assessment is supported by Yale historian supported by Yale historian Sidney Ahlstrom, who observed that the lives of W.J. He lived to see the Church Of God In Christ become a major denomination and one of the largest Pentecostal bodies in the world. His funeral was held on July 1, 2011 at the Mason Temple Church of God in Christ in Memphis, Tennessee. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. Mason often told Patterson's father that "we needed to search for the God of the Bible," Patterson said. [4] References [ edit] ^ Courey, David J. By 1910, there were white networks of churches and clergy within the denomination, Daniels said. Mason and Jones soon began preaching the doctrine of holiness and sanctification in the local Baptist churches, which led to their expulsion from the Baptist Convention. "[4][6][5], In 1893, at the age of 27, Mason began his own ministerial career by accepting a local license from the Mount Gale Missionary Baptist Church in Preston, Arkansas. 2023 www.commercialappeal.com. I arose and the first song that came to me was 'He brought me out of the Miry Clay.' Photos larger than 8Mb will be reduced. You may request to transfer up to 250,000 memorials managed by Find a Grave. He remarried after her death and had several children with his second wife, Leila Washington. Worldwide, there are thousands of congregations of Church Of God In Christ, totaling several million members. Manson was not at the scene of the killings, but was nonetheless convicted of murder for directing his followers in seven of the killings. Manson was admitted to Bakersfield hospital, California earlier this month and died of natural causes on Sunday. In 1997, it had grown to an estimated 5.2 million. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? [1][2] He was the founder and first Senior Bishop of the Church of God in Christ, based in Memphis, Tennessee. I said, Lord, You will have to do the work for me; so I turned it over into His hands. He preached in living rooms, in the woods and in a cotton gin.

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