Easton's Bible Dictionary In the primitive days of Mesopotamia, as also in Palestine, wild animals were so numerous that they became a menace to life and property (Exodus 23:29 Leviticus 26:22); therefore the king as benefactor and protector of his people hunted these wild beasts. Comparison with the Semitic Idiom7. lists of Asiatic countries known to Seti I and Amenhotep II shankhar is included (ANET [1950], 243, 247). This is supported by the fact that Jebel Usdum, the salt mountain at the southwest corner of the Dead Sea, still bears the name of Sodom, Usdum being simply another form of the word. * A portion of the fertile crescent is to the East of the Land of Shinar in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. or Taki (?) (14) Elamite Ingratitude and Treachery.For a time there was peace in Elam, but soon the discontent of Samas-sum-ukin, king of Babylon, Assur-bani-apli's brother, sought to break it. ", shi'-nar (shin`ar; Senaar Sen(n)aar):1. The earliest really historical reference to the Elamites as the foes of Babylonia, however, is apparently that contained in a letter from the priest Lu-enna to the priest En-e-tarzi announcing that the Elamites had invaded Lagas and carried off considerable booty. The Assyrians were, as usual, successful, and on learning this, Umman-aldas fled to the mountains. Accordingly, he proposed that Shinar was in Upper Mesopotamia, but acknowledged that the Bible gives important evidence that it was in the south. He also defeated the king of Asnunnak. Sumerian seems to have borrowed several words from Semitic Babylonian.7. ), of whom nothing is known. Codex Sinaiticus 'the original scribe' reads Elam)Contents1. Strabo (xi.13, 1, 6), quoting Nearchus, speaks of "four bandit nations" who occupied the mountains East of the Euphrates-the Amardians or Mardians on the Persian border, the Uxians, and Elymeans on the borders of Persia and Susa, and the Cosseans (Kassites) by the Medes. This was the first organized system of idolatry recorded after the flood. One of the chiefs of Susa about this time was Simbi-ishak. EPUB2 (Universal) - 12.98. Ge 10:11 Out of that land went forth Asshur, and built Nineveh, and Rehoboth-ir, and Kla, Ge 10:12 and Resen between Nineveh and Kla--the same is the great city. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! A. Spring begins at the end of February, and vegetation advances so rapidly that harvest takes place about the end of April. Kudur-mabuk, son of Simti-Silhak, was at this time adda ("father," probably meaning protector) of Emutbalu and the West-Amurru, the land of the Amorites, whither marched Chedorlaomer and Amraphel, with their allies, in the time of Abraham (Genesis 14). KZwpyq>?'#-b[Q@ X.V=#n4`,2,'fr1f`]d[ 8RVA2PU -iUp ugwR]z~6&$R UwX$[c]O6 B`wX Samas-sum-ukin immediately turned his attention to the new ruler, and induced him by fresh presents to come likewise to his aid. These deities were very numerous, and it is noteworthy that, though those with Sumerian names may be counted by hundreds, those with Semitic names are only to be reckoned by tens.8. Genesis 14:9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five. It was the city of Gilgames, the half-mythical king of the earliest period, who seems to have restored the walls and temples. Genesis 11:2 It happened, as they traveled east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they lived there. The valleys on the Southwest slope belong properly to Babylonia, and could be invaded on that side with ease, but Northeast of the Kebir-Kuh the country is well protected not only against Mesopotamia, on the West, but also against Persia on the East. (Tel Ibrahim), which once had kings of its own, and possessed a special legend of the Creation. The Semitic-Babylonians form of its name is (al) Larsa, "the city Larsa," a form which implies that the Hebrew has interchanged r and s, and transposed the final vowel. On the arrival of the Assyrian avenging host in Baby1onia, Nergal-usezib fled to Elam, but was captured near Niffer. Oppert places the plain (or, as he calls it, the "valley") of Dura to the southeast of Babylon, in the vicinity of the mound of Dowair or Duair , where was found the pedestal of a huge statue. When Ur-Nammu died in battle his son Shulgi succeeded to the throne. Senar denoted the land around Baghdad. Arab tribes, who are in reality Semites, occupy the plains, while Iranians inhabit the cities and dwell at the mountain bases. As these people seem to have spoken an Aryan language, there was apparently no really new race introduced in consequence of their invasion.9. was influential since the same script was taken over for use in the Sem. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. For the rest, the principal differences between Sumerian and Semitic Babylonian are:(1) post-positional suffixes instead of prepositions;(2) verbs with long strings of prefixes and infixes to express the persons and regimens, instead of a prefix and a suffix;(3) compound words, both nouns and verbs, are common instead of being exceedingly rare. This northern identification might suit Genesis 14:1 but is of itself not evidence for it. The larger cities, Ur, Lagash, Kish, and Umma were continual rivals for overall power. Mountain Ranges 4. One of the earliest rulers of Adab was seemingly called Lugal-dalu, of whom a fine statue, discovered by the American explorers, exists. Another great ruler of the early period was Sin-gasid, king of Erech, who was a patron of E-anna; and when he restored this shrine, he endowed it with grain, wool, oil and 1 shekel of gold. V. Sumerian literature. The derivation of the name is well known, Erech being the Semitic-Babylonian Uruk, from the Sumerian Unug, a word meaning "seat," probably in the sense of "residential city." The Primitive Tongue of Shinar:From the inscriptions it would seem that the primitive language of Shinar was not Semitic, but the agglutinative idiom now named Sumerian-a tongue long regarded as Turanian, and having, it is thought, Turko-Chinese affinities-gal, "to be," Turkish ol-mak; ama (ana), "mother," Turkish ana; abba, "old man," Turkish baba, "father"; (h)e, "house," Turkish ev, etc. <> Their argument has mainly been drawn from incidental references in the scene (Genesis 13:1-13) describing the parting of Lot and Abram, and again in the account of Moses' vision from Pisgah (Deuteronomy 34:3).In the account of Abram and Lot, it is said that from Bethel they saw "all the Plain of the Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere, before Yahweh destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah." Genesis 10:10 The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.. Ezra 4:9 then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions, the Dinaites, and the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, the Elamites, A still stronger argument, however, is drawn from the general topographical and geological conditions. [http://biblegateway/wiki/Ziggurat, Ziggurrat ZIGGURRAT]. The strange thing, however, is, that the name of this last does not occur in any recognizable form, unless it be the Kudurlahgumal of certain half-legendary inscriptions (see CHEDORLAOMER). Because many ancient regions aren't precisely defined, I consulted atlases to determine where the biblical region is located and used that data to build the isobands. Harosheth-hagoiim ( Judg 4:2, 13) may be a specific locality . The Languages of Elam 12. Tarr of Cornell University has recently described the effect of an earthquake on the shores of Alaska, in which there was a change of level of 47 ft.More probably (see ARABAH; DEAD SEA) there has been a rise in the waters of the Dead Sea since Abraham's time, caused by the encroachment upon the original area of evaporation by the deltas which have been pushed into the main part of the depression by the Jordan, and various smaller streams descending from the highlands on either side. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Eventually, some of them disobeyed God and decided to stay in one place and build a tall tower to try and reach the skies. ANET 1950), 27-59, 159. The Testimony of the Sculptures, etc., to the Race8. Like the whole of Shinar in general, it is more or less dried up in summer, and unhealthy for Europeans. The northern part of ancient Babylonia was called Akkad. It is said to have been in Sippara (Sippar) that Ut-napistim, the Babylonian Noah, buried the records before entering the ark. Notwithstanding the great strength of the allied army, they did not succeed in making headway against the Assyrians. Though it eventually fell to the Medo-Persian Empire, the emergence of a new Babylon is prophesied in the book of Revelation, a final global empire to . In 11:2 Shinar is described as the land of the plain where migrants from the East settled, and founded Babel, the city, and its great tower.2. They found a plain in the land of Shinar. Genesis portrays him as allied with three other kings, campaigning against five Canaanite city-states in response to an uprising in the days of Abraham. Start for FREE. But more details bearing upon this period are needed. Apparently the Elamites had expected their new ruler, Kudurru (Kudur-Nahhunte), to save them from the reprisals of the Assyrians, but as he had failed to do this, he, in his turn, was deposed and killed after a reign of 10 months. Jeremiah 49:39 But it shall happen in the latter days, that I will bring back the captivity of Elam, says Yahweh. Writing. Humba-haldasu's two brothers revolted against him and assassinated him, and Urtaku, one of the murderers, took the Elamite throne. Babylon was one of the most powerful and influential kingdoms in the ancient world. King Dungi (2600 B.C.) It is the modern 'Abu-habbah, "father of grain." V "|"vZgpn8bQ+d6bE6#kk8;,g*NMs%Uni() 3i X4DB7pV`CwR*"YLv&1YE*fUW1 H@U@M_ec!ai2(0u5d=P!wC9hHJI?!Mh`5YP'>;vsE$(3 @\[_krh $j;rLeD#a@E$FaE 4nlxgf:> )fkC$}L8!z{olu|Uop\[=@3Ie@F@J+]A^\0+};7; 8"{dv4CQ)!}k}Bd/ l/IF DA'> Ar.`cN#NSOIhI)7v~_B)E8[xl)R-w d`g?(6nmG[{'AFhUMi[oArChoy3c r1}6$V@gwc|3(uIF%g0L]w5qbkVha,^Zw6p) J9n^jf5g[*jw?R#u8sntz @]$$MCgb{BK#i5~ pRi x>X*tJ2sB\-[n22?0PRT {rl`D,MZEQAJg@]5wBtZE [4], The name inar occurs eight times in the Hebrew Bible, in which it refers to Babylonia. B. The mention of the kings of Elam in Jeremiah 25:25, however, suggests that the old states of the country had practically resumed their independence; though 49:35-39 prophesies the dismemberment of the country, and the destruction of its king and princes. The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Beginners Bible Guide to all 66 Bible Books, Specialized Bible Atlases, Leaders Guides. Encyclopedia. Te-umman immediately sent two messengers to Assur-bani-apli demanding the surrender of the fugitives. This is identified with the present `Abu-shahrein, and was the seat of Ea or Enki, god of the sea and of fertilizing streams. After receiving the Ab-e-Diz and the Belad-Rud at Kut-e-Bende-Kir, it becomes an important waterway, navigable as far as Shuster. Such belief is in direct contrast to that of the infallible authority of the divine pharaohs of Egypt. Possible Babylonian Form of the Name3. The mountain ranges of Luristan increase in height as one approaches the Persian plain, the loftiest summits of the principal range attaining a height of 5,000 meters (= 16,400 ft.).4. Daniel 3:1. Geographical name associated with NE Syria. The history of this period has still to be discovered, but the Babylonians apparently soon shook off the Elamite yoke. Gimil-Sin was succeeded by his son Ibi-Sin as overlord in Elam, who invaded and devastated the country, probably to suppress a a revolt. Seven years later one of his own officials, Ur-Nammu, governor of Ur, took the titles King of Sumer and Akkad and inaugurated the third dynasty of Ur (2113-2006 b.c.) After a dispute with Umma had been settled by the intervention of Mesilim of Kish, Lagash became the dominant center. The Elamite line in Larsa was continued after the death of Eri-Aku by Rim-Sin, his brother, who succeeded him. You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. Access 50+ premium resources. History (1) The Earliest Period (2) Sargon of Agade and His Successors (3) The Suzerainty of the Kings of Ur (4) Elam Becomes Predominant 2280 Years B.C. In Isaiah 21:2 it is apparently the later Cyrus who is referred to when Elam, with Media, is called upon "to go up" to the siege of Babylon. (6) Surippak:South and a little West of Adab was Surippak, now Fara. A designation for the land of Babylonia. The wind then turns South and Southwest, bringing with it a heat rising sometimes to 140 degree F., destroying all the verdure of the country. ( Genesis 11:3) Among the cities were Babel (Babylon), Erech or Orech (Orchoe), Calneh or Calno (probably . (4) Nippur:Some distance Southeast of Babylon lay Nippur or Niffur, now Niffer (Noufar), identified by the rabbis with the "Calneh" of Genesis 10:10. Climate:The climate is a variable one. Amar-Suen, who died of infection from a foot ailment, was buried in the Royal Cemetery at Ur with his fathers. There is a remarkable contrast between the depths of the north end of the Dead Sea and of the south end. Shinar and Its Climate:Whether the country was in the same seemingly uncared-for state in ancient times as at present is unknown; but one cannot help admiring the courage of the original immigrants into such a district, for example, as that of Lagas. It was a place of considerable importance, and the seat of the worship of Enlil and Ninlil, later, also, of their son Ninip and his spouse (see CALNEH). Though it seems to have fallen early under the dominion of the Semites, it was at first Sumerian, as its native name, Zimbir, and the ideographic writing thereof show. Majority Standard Bible His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. The Languages of Elam:The dialects of Susa, the second Achemenian VSS, and of Apirti, differ but slightly from each other. It is thought probable that the Elamite king Sadi(?) Enlil, the god of the air and head of the overall pantheon had his seat at Nippur which thus became the chief cult center. It is true that from the traditional site of Pisgah the south end of the Dead Sea could not be seen. After the apparently short reign of Kidin-Hutran came that of Hurpatila (Hurbatila), who, desiring to throw off the Babylonian yoke, challenged Kuri-galzu, king of Babylon, to battle at Dur-Dungi. Shinar was the location of Judah's exile. He established his kingdom "in the land of Shinar," including the cities "Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh" (Genesis 10:10), of which only Babel, or Babylon, and Erech, or Uruk, have been identified with certainty. The date indicated for this ruler by the inscriptions of Assurbani-apli is 2280 B.C. Genesis 14:3 All these joined together in the valley of Siddim (the same is the Salt Sea). 1883, 44 Jen ZK ii(1885), 419; Egyptian Sangar (WMM As.u.Eur.279), Tel Amarna anar (Wkl TelAm. II, 11; BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA, RELIGION OF, IV, 7; MERODACH; ORION.Edward Mack. This was the first organized system of idolatry recorded after the flood. lit. Art in the Archaic Period, That of the Viceroys, and That of the Kings 17. As Elamite and Babylonian sovereign, Kudur-Nahhunte entrusted Susa to a feudatory ruler, and among the viceroys who governed Elam may be mentioned Sirukdu', who constructed at Susa, and Temti-Agun, his sister's son, who built in that city the temple to Isme-karab, "for the health of Kutir-Nahhunte and his family." Defeat was the result, and he fled to Elam, there to be captured by Humba-haldasu and put to death. These are mostly of the Parthian period, but they imply that the place was regarded as a necropolis, possibly owing to the sanctity attached to the site.LITERATURE.Schrader, KAT; Loftus, Chaldoea and Susiana, 162; Fried. The Population 9. The death of Sennacherib and the troubles attending the accession of Esarhaddon encouraged Nabuzer-napisti-Itsir, son of Merodach-baladan, again to raise the standard of revolt. By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from Bible Gateway, a division of The Zondervan Corporation, 3900 Sparks Drive SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA, including commercial communications and messages from partners of Bible Gateway. Kudur-mabuk of Larsa was succeeded by his son Eri-Aku (probably the Iri-Agun of Larsa of the Elamite texts), and if he be really, as seems probable, the Arioch of Genesis 14:1, 9, then this is also the period when Chedorlaomer ruled in Elam. The defeat of the Elamites was a foregone conclusion, and Te-umman perished, with his son, in the thick of the battle, as is dramatically depicted by the sculptors of Assur-bani-apli in the bas-reliefs which adorned the walls of his palace. The writer, however, had attacked the Elamites, and taken plunder from them in his turn. Sharp cold, with frost, succeeds the heat of summer, and from time to time sand-storms sweep across the plain. All these successes in Elam and its dependencies probably made the kingdom of Babylon supreme in the land. This will not only give an idea of the poetical form of the Sumerian legend of the Creation by Merodach and Aruru, but also show how short and concise, as a language, was the speech of Shinar, before Semitic supremacy.T. Genesis 14:9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five. The early peoples who migrated into the Tigris-Euphrates valley called themselves the blackheaded peoples. Their place of origin is unknown and has given rise to various theories. It is this collection of spoils which has contributed to make the success of the French excavations at Susa what it is. Sennacherib marched into Babylonia to complete the work, and Musezib-Marduk, having been captured, was sent prisoner to Assyria. (11) Ur:To the Southeast of Warka and Senqara lies the site of the ancient UR OF THE CHALDEES (which see) now Mugheir. This was in the time of the great Ur Dynasty, but later the city seems to have come under the dominion of the kings of Isin, Libit-Ishtar having apparently restored the sanctuary of Ishtar on E-gipara. Its earliest known ruler of historical times was Ensag-kus-anna, about 4,000 B.C.4. The Karun, with which a number of small streams unite, rises in the Bakhtiari mountains. Comparison with the Semitic Idiom:Halevy's contention, that Sumerian is simply "an allography" for the expression of Sera Babylonian, seems to be untenable, as they differ not only in words, but also in grammar; moreover, Sumerian had a dialect, called by the natives "woman's tongue." Entering Susa, Tammaritu was once more proclaimed king of Elam, he, in return, promising to regard Assur-bani-apli as his lord, and to pay tribute. But in recent years a number of eminent authorities have maintained that it was at the northern end of the Dead Sea, in the vicinity of Jericho. Ancient Mesopotamia. (6) Babylonia Again Supreme.What the history of Elam during this period was remains to be discovered, but Hammurabi, who is identified with the Amraphel of Genesis 14:1, 9, seems to have invaded the country in his 30th year. After passing to other rulers, the government of Susa fell to Ebari, father of Silhaha, during whose reign Simti-Silhak ruled in Babylonia. Attack of the foreign raiders The Principal Cities 10. Humba-haldasu II mounted the throne. The shape of the ruin is irregular, the course of the walls of the Northeast having been seemingly determined by that of the Nile canal (Shatt-en-Nil), which flowed on that side. (5) Adab:Adab, now called Bismaya, the city of Mah, the goddess of reproduction. It is so violent that it carries down boulders and even tree-trunks from the mountains, and after a winding course joins the Karun at Kut-e-Bende-Kir. Umman-aldas now returned and resumed the government. Rivers:From these mountain ranges descend large rivers which flow through Elam to the sea. Belonging to Babylon, also, was the renowned city Borsippa, now Birs, or the Birs Nimroud, the traditional site of the Tower of Babel.See BABEL, TOWER OF. Genesis 14:9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five. The winter birds of passage are the pelican, stork, crane, cormorant, sea gull, many species of wild duck, the wild goose, bustard, woodcock, snipe, pigeon, turtledove, and numerous brilliantly colored waders. Encyclopedia. The First Miracle at Cana. Some have sought identification with Gilgamesh, the flood hero of Babylonia (Skinner, Driver, Delitzsch); others with a later Kassite king (Haupt, Hilprecht), which is quite unlikely; but the most admissible correspondence is with Marduk, chief god of Babylon, probably its historic founder, just as Asshur, the god of Assyria, appears in verse 11 as the founder of the Assyrian empire (Wellhausen, Price, Sayce). The word Mesopotamia means the land "between the rivers" which were the Tigris and Euphrates. [2] This location of Shinar is evident from its description as encompassing both Babel/Babylon (in northern Babylonia) and Erech/Uruk (in southern Babylonia). The Shinar, Babylonian/Assyrian regions are much closer to the proposed Gihon River. Though this has been taken to be the Babylonian Shinar (A. H. Gardiner, Ancient Egyptian Onomastica I, 209) others interpret it as a reference to an Upper Mesopotamian Sangara (the modern Sinjar, W of Mosul), which is written a-an-a-ar in a Tell el-Amarna letter (No. The Last Week of Jesus' Life. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. Sculpture in Shinar:The reference to the Sumerian sculptures in (7) above will have shown that the inhabitants of the Plain of Shinar possessed an art of no mean order and of some antiquity, even at the time when it first presents itself to our notice. Daniel 8:2 I saw in the vision; now it was so, that when I saw, I was in the citadel of Susa, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in the vision, and I was by the river Ulai. Hallusu, king of Elam, on the retirement of the Assyrian troops, invaded Babylonia as being part of the territories of the Assyrian king, and having captured Assur-nadin-sum, Sennacherib's son, who had ruled in Babylon 6 years, carried him off to Elam, setting Nergal-usezib on the throne of Babylonia. According to the Assyrian king's record, an enormous booty was taken, including many sacred and ancient royal statues preserved at Susa. probably took place, according to Scheil, during the reign of Silbina-hamru-Laqamar. The Ab-e-Diz, a river with a greater volume of water, is formed by the uniting of two streams above Dizful. The great capital of the tract, however, was Susa (Shushan), whence its Greek name of Susiana, interchanging with Elymais, from the Semitic Elam.2. and religion the thought, style and manner of these early inhabitants of Babylonia was transmitted to both contemporary and later civilizations and is of importance as the background of much in Genesis 1-11. Genesis 14:2 that they made war with Bera, king of Sodom, and with Birsha, king of Gomorrah, Shinab, king of Admah, and Shemeber, king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar). The positions of the rulers of Elam and Babylonia were now changed, and the kings of Babylon had to acknowledge Elamite suzerainty. Thus we are on the continent that we call Africa today. (7) Hurbatila's Challenge to Kuri-galzu.Omitting the names of rulers concerning whom but little or nothing is known, we come to the reign of Untas-Gal, patron of the articles Numerous temples were built by him, and sanctuaries at Susa dedicated. stream Origin. ascribes kingship first to the city of Eridu and then in turn to Badtibirra, Larak, Sippar and Shuruppak. The Classical period (2700-2150 b.c.). Susa, an important commercial center in the 3rd millennium B.C., became again one of the three capitals of the Pets empire during the rule of the Achemenians.10. Not daring to be openly hostile to Assyria, however, he sent his brother Te-umman to intrigue in Chaldea in favor of a man named Nabuusallim, but the Chaldean chiefs answered that Na'id-Marduk, their lord, lived, and they were the servants of the king of Assyria. The term Sumer, used since 2350 b.c. Life of Jesus Timelines. The Belad-Rud, between the Ab-e-Diz and the Kerkha, rises in the mountains of Luristan, and varies greatly as to its volume, being sometimes a mere brook, and at others a large river. It is thought that the Euphrates must have flowed nearer to the city in ancient times, as the Gilgames legend relates that that hero and his companion Enkidu washed their hands in the stream after having killed the divine bull sent by the goddess Ishtar to destroy them. languages including Elamite, Kassite, Hittite, Hurrian and Old Persian. The balance of evidence is thus in favor of the equation Shinar=Babylonia used by the Heb. Numbers of porcupines inhabit the brushwood by the rivers and marshes. Next year (689 B.C.) Wheat and barley, sown in October and November, are harvested in April. In 14:3 it is identified with the Salt Sea, and in 14:10 it is said to have . The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. Daniel 1:2 The Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God; and he carried them into the land of Shinar to the house of his god: and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god. First Century Israel Map - Ezekiel 32:24 There is Elam and all her multitude around her grave; all of them slain, fallen by the sword, who are gone down uncircumcised into the lower parts of the earth, who caused their terror in the land of the living, and have borne their shame with those who go down to the pit. The System Employed, with an Example1. restored E-anna and built its great wall. Samsu-iluna seems to have surpassed his father Hammurabi (Amraphel) in the restoration of the city's temples, and other rulers who did not forget Erech were Nebuchadrezzar and Nabonidus.5. (18) The Later State of Elam.After Cyrus, the history of Elam was that of Persia, of which it henceforth formed a part. Sculpture in Shinar12. Tammaritu therefore marched at the head of an army into Babylonia, but in his absence Indabigas, one of his servants, headed a revolt against him, and proclaimed himself king in Susa. Isaiah 11:11 It will happen in that day that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant that is left of his people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. In various dialects it survives on several thousand clay tablets found during excavations in Babylonia. sid'-im, (`emeq ha-siddim; Septuagint he pharangx (or koilas) he haluke): The place mentioned in Genesis 14:3-8 as being the scene of encounter between Chedorlaomer and his allies with the kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim and Zoar. Shinar was used early to describe the land which included the cities of Babel (Babylon), Erech (Warka) and Accad (Agade) within the kingdom of Nimrod ( Gen 10:10 ). In Genesis 10:10 it is the district wherein lay Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, cities which were the "beginning" of Nimrod's kingdom. Isaiah 22:6 Elam carried his quiver, with chariots of men and horsemen; and Kir uncovered the shield. Tammaritu, nephew of Umman-igas, after the defeat of the Elamite forces in Chaldea, revolted against him, and having defeated him, cut off his head, and took the crown. Verse 11:2 states that Shinar enclosed the plain that became the site of the Tower of Babel after the Great Flood. In the triumphal procession at Nineveh which took place on the Assyrian army's return, the head of Te-umman and his son Tamritu figured, the former hanging from the neck of Dunanu, king of Gambulu, and the latter from the neck of Samgunu, Dunanu's brother. TopicalBible Thus this is where Cush or Ethiopia dwelled. The Tower of Babel. Despite his efforts to restore the rights of the individual, his people failed to withstand the pressures of Lugalzaggesi of Umma who took over the city and was himself soon thereafter conquered by the powerful Semite, Sargon of Agade who thus brought Sumer. Shinar (/anr/; Hebrew nr, Septuagint Sennar) is the name for the southern region of Mesopotamia used by the Hebrew Bible. He regards this type as being represented among the soldiers as well as among the people conquered by Naram-Sin about 3000 B.C. 2 0 obj C. The Sumerian renaissance. A king of Shinar (Amraphel) took part in the coalition which raided Sodom and Gomorrah (14:1) and was defeated by Abraham. Website by Stormhill Media. All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ATS Bible Dictionary Dura The plain in Babylon where Nebuchadnezzar set up his golden image. Joshua 7:21 When I saw among the spoil a beautiful Babylonian robe, two hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold weighing fifty shekels, then I coveted them and took them. (8) Elam Again Supreme.Later came the military exploits of Sutruk-Nahhunte, who invaded Babylonia, slew the king Zagaga-sum-iddina, and helped by his son Kutir-Nahhunte, destroyed Sippar, and took away the stele of Naram-Sin, the code of Hammurabi, and several other monuments, which were carefully preserved at Susa.
