Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization. 2021. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. Like so many young people, Richard had his own interests. An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea. English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." . The latter will, in turn, reinvigorate industrial growth and the creation of new job opportunities. He attempted to convince Elizabeth I, who was the Queen of England at the time, to fund colonizing efforts with a treatise entitled Discourse on Western Planting. Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. Corrections? [20], Hakluyt was married twice, once in or about 1594[5] and again in 1604. He carefully explores economic concerns and articulates a number of issues towards colonization. Richard Hakluyt, Hakluyt, Richard BORN: 1552 . An ordained priest, Hakluyt held important positions at Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey and was personal chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I. Among them were Humphrey Gilbert, an explorer and businessman; Gilbert's half-brother, Walter Raleigh (1552-1618); and writer and geographer Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Author and geographer Richard Hakluyt decided to write about the Americas as encouragement for others to learn about them. Was it the description of the place that made you wonder what it was like there? A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. What type of commercial aspirations does Hakluyt describe? A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. Richard Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt was born in England in the mid-sixteenth century (1552-1616). Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. Hakluyt's cousin, also named Richard Hakluyt, of the Middle Temple, became his guardian. Between 1583 and 1588 he was chaplain and secretary to Sir Edward Stafford, English ambassador at the French court. In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. He died on November 23, 1616. [10], Hakluyt was ordained in 1578, the same year he began to receive a "pension" from the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers to study divinity. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. "[3] Some of Hakluyt's ancestors established themselves at Yatton in Herefordshire,[4][5][6] and must have ranked amongst the principal landowners of the county. She taught for history for fifteen years. "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Hakluyt, History Today - The Architect of English Expansion, Encyclopedia of Virginia - Biography of Richard Hakluyt, Richard Hakluyt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America, The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation, Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. manuscript Seld. Unfortunately, his wealth was squandered by his only son. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Richard Hakluyt was born in 1552 and died in 1616. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. He dedicated much of his career to convincing his contemporaries about the necessity of England establishing its own colonies. [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). Hakluyt's Voyages brought him to the notice of Lord Howard of Effingham, and Sir Edward Stafford, Lord Howard's brother-in-law. The increase of the force of the Christians. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. Furthermore, he points out that crime in England is on the rise, and colonization will aid in sending convicted criminals to work in farms in colonized regions in order to reduce tax payments that emanate from rehabilitating criminals in England. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. He supported English colonization for the better part of his life, at least from 1580 until his death. His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. Updates? Hakluyt's patrilineal ancestors were of Welsh extraction, rather than Dutch as is often suggested;[2] they appear to have settled in Herefordshire in England around the 13th century, and, according to antiquary John Leland, took their surname from the "Forest of Cluid in Radnorland. [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield. both the olde imperfectly composed, and the new lately reformed Mappes, Globes, Spheares, and other instruments of this Art for demonstration in the common schooles. In Hakluyt's argument for colonization, religious considerations are entwined with political and economic ones. Encyclopdia Britannica. Richard Hakluyt was probably born in London, England, in 1553. Create an account to start this course today. The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. Proponent for colonization in the Americas- tried to lobby Queen Elizabeth to support colonization. He took his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Though he never personally took part in any expeditions, Richard Hakluyt greatly advanced the cause of English exploration in North America.One of England's first geographers, he collected and disseminated information, and promoted the colonization efforts of Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618) and others. While in France he was able to expand his knowledge of foreign places which inspired him to write and publish books on the subject to encourage colonization. Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? He died in 1557 when his son was aged about five years, and his wife Margery[1] followed soon after. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. natural reason.15 The elder Richard Hakluyt was the first of a long series 15 Sir George Peckham, A true reporte, of . These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. IvyPanda. In the dedication of the second volume (1599) to his patron, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Hakluyt strongly urged the minister as to the expediency of colonising Virginia. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View specifically for you for only 11.00 9.35/page. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." His were language and geography. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. IvyPanda. He was fascinated by voyages being made to far-off lands. [23][26] Hakluyt's handwritten manuscript, MS Petyt 529, in Inner Temple Library in London was eventually published as The Free Sea for the first time in 2004. c. 1552-1616. Author of. In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/, IvyPanda. In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . He argues that the expansion will not just provide England with peace. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. Create your account. However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. As he writes in the Epistle Dedicatorie to The Principall Navigations, his cousin spoke to him of recent discoveries and of the new opportunities for trade and showed him certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an universall Mappe. His imagination thus stirred, the schoolboy had thereupon resolved to prosecute that knowledge and kinde of literature at the university. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Bod. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. In 1583 Walsingham, then one of the most important secretaries of state, sent Hakluyt to Paris as chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador there. "[11] Hakluyt held on to his studentship at Christ Church between 1577 and 1586, although after 1583 he was no longer resident in Oxford. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. Historians generally recognize three motives for European exploration and colonization in the New World: God, gold, and glory. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. This essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View was written and submitted by your fellow All rights reserved. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. However, the risk was great for everyone involved and in the case of England, encouragement was needed. 3. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians Hakluyts family was of some social standing in the Welsh Marches and held property at Eaton. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister. Around that time he became a minister. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Under the reference "Bib. With the help of various scholarships, Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, entering in 1570 and taking his M.A. Richard Hakluyt lived at the time when the first phase of the Age of Discovery, during which mainly Southern Europeans attempted to discover a new route from Europe to Asia, was coming to an end and the era of Northern European exploration began. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. According to Hakluyt, colonization will enable England to expand its markets to the New World. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. This was presented to Queen Elizabeth I, who rewarded Hakluyt with a prebend (ecclesiastical post) at Bristol Cathedral but took no steps to help Raleigh. English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. Omissions? Vol. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. When the colony was at last established in 1607, he supplied this benefice with its chaplain, Robert Hunt. In 1613 appeared the Pilgrimage of Samuel Purchas, another clergyman fascinated with the new discoveries of the age. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (15891600). Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. A person named Hugo Hakelute, who may have been an ancestor or relative of Richard Hakluyt, was elected Member of Parliament for the borough of Yatton in 1304 or 1305,[7] and between the 14th and 16th centuries five individuals surnamed "de Hackluit" or "Hackluit" were sheriffs of Herefordshire. [28] Others, consisting chiefly of notes gathered from contemporary authors, are preserved at the University of Oxford. But it is the Voyages that remains his memorial. He has recently obtained a PhD in contemporary European history. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. Both nations appear to be in stiff competition for resources found in native America. The inter-European rivalry appears to be the main theme in this literature. He is known for promoting early English exploration of North America. on 19 February 1574, and shortly after taking his Master of Arts (M.A.) These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. He cites that it will provide more room for English citizens to expand and move to colonized areas, trade and regulate trade with other nations. Hakluyt living during an interesting period in history called the Age of Exploration or sometimes the Age of Discovery. Many of these reasons have to do with England's competition with other European countrieschiefly Spain, which had become rich and powerful from the silver it extracted from its colonies in Mexico and Peru. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). Richard Hakluyt of Oxford . with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. When Hakluyt was only five his father passed away. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Richard Hakluyt's Inducements to the Liking of the Voyage Intended towards Virginia, 1585"> the "excellent and fertile soile" on both sides of north america 's "greate and deep" natural waterways promised "all things that the life of man doth require," and whatever settlers wanted to plant they could expect to harvest in abundance sufficient to "trafficke in." To begin with, the interest of Britain to colonize the Western Hemisphere is a major national goal. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. IvyPanda. That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. It began with Portuguese exploring places such as the Atlantic archipelagos and the coast of Africa during the fifteenth century. In Paris, Hakluyt also edited an edition of the De Orbe Novo of Pietro Martire dAnghiera so that his countrymen might have knowledge of the early successes and failures of the Spaniards in the New World. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. Of chief concern would be for ''the . The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? Hakluyt justifies the latter by claiming that colonization will limit the spread and expansion of the Spanish territory and subsequently jeopardize the interests of England. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. . Knowing so many languages helped him to read all types of works that recorded the adventures of travelers. on 27 June 1577,[5][10] began giving public lectures in geography. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. But the queen's advisors pointed out . After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. What made them exciting? He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. He held this position until his death, and resided in Wetheringsett through the 1590s and frequently thereafter. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Instead, he stressed the importance of occupation, which was favourable to the English as they and not the Spanish had occupied Virginia. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? Why European States Wanted to Colonize the World? In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. List his reasons for supporting colonization. IvyPanda. Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. 828829. The first fruits of Hakluyt's labours in Paris were embodied in his important work entitled A Particuler Discourse Concerninge the Greate Necessitie and Manifolde Commodyties That Are Like to Growe to This Realme of Englande by the Westerne Discoueries Lately Attempted, Written in the Yere 1584, which Sir Walter Raleigh commissioned him to prepare. in history, and a doctoral degree in interdisciplinary studies with a focus on early modern Scotland. His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally.
