This mask is believed to represent Quetzalcoatl or the Rain God Tlaloc; both are associated with serpents. Quetzalcoatl and either Huitzilopochtli or Tezcatlipoca (depending upon the myth) were responsible for the creation of the cosmos. Each bout of fighting brought one of the four epochs of Aztec history to an end, ultimately ending with Tezcatlipoca in control of the fifth (and current) age. With his companion Xolotl, a dog-headed god, he was said to have descended to the underground hell of Mictlan to gather the bones of the ancient dead. Cartwright, Mark. Quetzalcoatl.Wikipedia. Auh yn jquac molhuja eheca, mjtoa: teuhtli quaqualaca, ycoioca, tetecujca, tlatlaiooa, tlatlapitza, tlatlatzinj, motlatlaueltia. many, he became a god. In the episode "Damnesia You," Xavier winds up in the Aztec world and is immediately (and unsuccessfully) sacrificed for insulting the Sun God, and during the sacrifice the Aztecs humorously fail to pronounce his name. He proceeded to turn himself into a black ant and followed the other ants over the mountains. According to sixteenth century friar Bernadino de Sahagn and his native informants, he also presided over 1 Reed. The story of the life of the Mexican divinity, Quetzalcoatl, closely resembles that of the Savior; so closely, indeed, that we can come to no other conclusion than that Quetzalcoatl and Christ are the same being. The date 9 Wind is known to be associated with fertility, Venus and war among the Maya and frequently occurs in relation to Quetzalcoatl in other Mesoamerican cultures. Quetzalcatl fue uno de los dioses ms importantes de la antigua Mesoamrica, el dios conocido como la Serpiente Emplumada es una mezcla de serpiente de cascabel y pjaro y su nombre es una combinacin de las palabras en nhuatl para el quetzal. His name became one of veneration. 10 likes, 1 comments - District Artem (@districtartem) on Instagram: " was one of several important gods in the Aztec p." The Nahuatl nouns compounded into the proper name "Quetzalcoatl" are: (in English, Spanish, and Nahuatl languages), Proposed Book of Mormon geographical setting, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia, The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel, "Evidence of Mushroom Worship in Mesoamerica", "New Taxonomical and Ethnomycological Observations on, "All You Need To Know About The Ancient Aztec Gods and Goddesses", "Readings in Classical Nahuatl: The Death of Quetzalcoatl", "Gift of the Gods: Chocolate in the Aztec Empire", "The Complete New York City Horror Movie Marathon! [22] A third story narrates that Chimalman was hit in the womb by an arrow shot by Mixcoatl and nine months later she gave birth to a child which was called Quetzalcoatl. Quetzalcatls calendar name was Ce Acatl (One Reed). He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. I had a few curious questions to ask the forum. Moreover, Quetzalcoatl became strongly associated with the winds, specifically as a bringer of rain clouds, which was important to a society dependent on agriculture. #quetzalcoatl #topiltzin #texcatlipoca #toltecs #toltechitory # . As the morning and evening star, Quetzalcatl was the symbol of death and resurrection. This possibility would become mythologically significant when the Spanish conquistadors arrived in the 16th century. In general, he is considered the god of wisdom, the god of the Aztec ritual calendar, the god of corn and maize, and oftentimes a symbol of death and resurrection. According to scholar Patricia R. Anawalt, At that time, maize was located on the other side of a mountain range that surrounded the Aztec homeland. Copyright: Museo Nacional de Antropologa(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 2: Feathered Serpent at Teotihuacan. Children born during 1 Reed were thought to be ill-fortuned, and the calendar foretold that all they gained in life would be taken by the wind (Sahagn, book III, chapter VIII). Representations of a feathered snake occur as early as the Teotihuacn civilization (3rd to 8th century CE) on the central plateau. By the time the Spanish arrived in the New World, Quetzalcoatl was regarded as the god of wind, patron of priests, and inventor of calendars and books. This article is about a Mesoamerican deity. [7], Other versions of the legend featured Quetzalcoatl discovering a great mountain of seeds that he could not move by himself. But what were his monster-killing, sky-lifting and star-forming capacities in the face of his sneaky brother Tezcatlipoca? She has heterochromia, where one iris has a different coloration from the other. [citation needed], In the Codex Chimalpopoca, it is said Quetzalcoatl was coerced by Tezcatlipoca into becoming drunk on pulque, cavorting with his older sister, Quetzalpetlatl, a celibate priestess, and neglecting their religious duties. Montezuma offering incense to Quetzalcoatl. In Aztec culture, depictions of Quetzalcoatl were fully anthropomorphic. ", "Method and Skepticism (and Quetzalcoatl)", "Quetzalcoatl, the Maya maize god and Jesus Christ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quetzalcoatl&oldid=1149332954, White Tecatlipoca, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, Feathered Serpent, Precious Twin, Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, Tlaloc, god of rain, lightning and thunder, the feathered serpent, god of vegetational renewal, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 15:27. stanley burrell marcy projects brooklyn not currently an important part of the LDS belief system, Matt Martyniuk, Mark Witton and Darren Naish, https://www.inside-mexico.com/the-legend-of-maize/, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quetzalcoatl, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathered_Serpent, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl, https://mythopedia.com/topics/quetzalcoatl. Additionally, at least one major cache of offerings includes knives and idols adorned with the symbols of more than one god, some of which were adorned with wind jewels. According to another version, he embarked upon a raft made of snakes and disappeared beyond the eastern horizon. Quetzalcoatl ground up those bones like corn, mixing the flour-like powder with his own blood to harvest a new crop of people. Powers: As we know from stories of old, Quetzalcoatls physical powers and intelligence knew no bounds. These carvings also included a conch shell, which was a symbol of the wind. [need quotation to verify] Codex drawings pictured both Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl wearing an ehcaczcatl around the neck. The mask is formed of two intertwined and looped serpents worked in contrasting colors of turquoise mosaic; one in green and one in blue that twist across the face and around the eyes, blending over the nose. The third president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, John Taylor (1808-1887), believed that Quetzalcoatl was Jesus Christ. The pressure of the northern immigrants brought about a social and religious revolution, with a military ruling class seizing power from the priests. Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co, 1892. The bottom left-hand symbol is for wind. Xolotl, the Evening StarTlahuizcalpentecuhtli could only guard the sun as it crossed the daytime sky. Meehan, Evan. It is said that the Toltec culture fell when the king and high priest Quetzalcoatl left the city of Tula. what two major landmasses broke apart from pangaea. Carrasco's work was revised in 2000, and the new edition provides a valuable overview of the controversy about Cortes and Quetzalcoatl. Codex Maglabechiano, fol. The cut was made in the abdomen and went through the diaphragm. how far is ukraine border from moscow? Historians debate to what degree, or whether at all, these narratives about this legendary Toltec ruler describe historical events. ( Public Domain ) Lakes of mercury, jewel-eyed figures, solid-jade masks, and necklaces beaded with human teeth. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. This view has been questioned by ethno-historians who argue that the Quetzalcoatl-Corts connection is not found in any document that was created independently of post-Conquest Spanish influence, and that there is little proof of a pre-Hispanic belief in Quetzalcoatl's return. By . The earliest known iconographic depiction of the deity appears on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta. Read, Kay Almere and Jason J. Gonzalez. Quetzalcoatl a Mesoamerican statuary type depicting a fallen warrior on his back with a receptacle on his chest for sacrificial offerings chacmool -Olmec colossal head -La Venta, Mexico -Early Americas (1st millennium BCE) -Basalt (Many academics conclude this passage implies incest.) Topiltzin-Quetzalcoatl maintained order across his domain and even eschewed the practice of human sacrifice. But the history of the former has been handed down to us through an impure Lamanitish source, which has sadly disfigured and perverted the original incidents and teachings of the Savior's life and ministry. https://mythopedia.com/topics/quetzalcoatl, Evan Meehan is a writer, researcher, and historian with an M.A. Quetzalcoatl was instrumental in creating people to populate thefifth age. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316393. I have a personal philosophy in life: If somebody else can do something that I'm doing, they should do it. The head was carved separately and attached to the wall via tenons (mounting pegs). The Feathered Snake symbol is a beautiful juxtaposition of the earthly serpent of immortality and the Heavenly bird of Spirit. The water below is coupled with the fire from the leaning smoking mirror sacrifice above the head of One Hunahpu. Under the guise of wind, he was called Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl and was considered a great cultural hero. Quetzalcoatl played many roles in ancient Aztec mythology, so it's difficult to pin down just one. Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises?We know him as the Plumed Serpent but Quetzalcoatl was so much more! In her human form, Quetzalcoatl is a tall, fair-skinned and hour-glass woman with enormously large breasts. QUETZALCOATL was one of the most powerful and multifaceted gods in Mesoamerican religions. Quetzalcoatl wears around his neck the breastplate ehcaczcatl, "the spirally voluted wind jewel". Place of devotion: Offerings were regularly presented to Quetzalcoatl in Tenochtitlan, but he was also celebrated in other cities like Cholula and Chichn Itz. Later, Xavier and the Aztecs summon Quetzalcoatl in his mortal form and wind up angering him after cutting him open. These tales show Quetzalcoatl as the model of good rulership and the Toltecs as the model of good society. Though he originated as a vegetation god, Quetzalcoatls role in theAztec mythosexpanded over time. Over the West presides the White Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, the god of light, justice, mercy and wind. Quetzalcoatl (pronounced Ket-zal-ko'-wat) was the Aztec version of the Feathered Serpent god that permeated Mesoamerican mythologies. Like the other three (Tezcatlipoca, Camaxtle and Huitzilopochtli) he was a tutelary god, responsible for more dramatic acts of creation than most of the characters in the Aztec pantheon! Mythopedia. Although probably not exactly a depiction of the same feathered-serpent deity worshipped in classic and post-classic periods, it shows the continuity of symbolism of feathered snakes in Mesoamerica from the formative period and on, for example in comparison to the Maya Vision Serpent shown below. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). Quetzalcatl became the god of the morning and evening star, and his temple was the centre of ceremonial life in Tula. Let your friend be your guide in Quetzalcoatl's space. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Latter-day Saint author Brant Gardner, after investigating the link between Quetzalcoatl and Jesus, concluded that the association amounts to nothing more than folklore. Guises: Ehcatl (Wind) / Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli (Venus), Xolotl (the dog twin or double of Quetzalcoatl), and the mythical human priest, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl.Emblem: A half-conch, symbol of creation.Active: The Feathered Serpent was represented as a deity in Mesoamerica from the Pre-classic period until the conquest in 1521.Favourite Colour: Blue and Black (Ehcatl) or Red and White pinstripe (Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli). After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. Mictlantecuhtli would only give the bones to Quetzalcoatl if he could create a sound by blowing into a conch shell with no holes in it. 5D's, Beyblade: Metal Fusion, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia and Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid (the latter two depicting Quetzalcoatl as a female dragon deity); the Megami Tensei video game franchise; the video games Fate/Grand Order, Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy XV, Sanitarium, Smite (as an alternate costume for his Mayan counterpart, Kukulkan), and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine; as the main antagonist in the Star Trek: The Animated Series episode "How Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth"; and in The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel books. The city of Tenochtitlan was established in 1325 on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco (much of which has since been filled in to accomodate Mexico City which now exists on this site), and with the city's foundation the original structure of the Templo Mayor was built. Scan this QR code to download the app now. At that time Quetzalcatl seems to have been conceived as a vegetation godan earth and water deity closely associated with the rain god Tlaloc. Quetzalcoatl Fact FileInterests: Saving the world (or making it), preserving life, cultivating knowledge and recognising beauty.Day Sign: WindTrecena (13 day week): 1 Jaguar. In a version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named Chimalman, to whom the god Ometeotl appeared in a dream. It is also suggested that he was a son of Xochiquetzal and Mixcoatl. Quetzalcoatl is the most recognizable name among the Aztec gods. The business-strike 5 Pesos featuring the stone head of Quetzalcoatl was a mass-production issue that was produced from 1980 until 1985. This confederacy engaged in almost seventy-five years of nearly continuous conflict with the Aztec Empire of the Triple Alliance until the arrival of Corts. In some incredible escapades, they created the earth, sea and night sky and were regents of the first two suns, or world eras of the existing five. He was a patron of many crafts such as writing, and metal and stone work and represented workers of these crafts. [40] However, a majority of Mesoamericanist scholars, such as Matthew Restall (2003, 2018[37]), James Lockhart (1994), Susan D. Gillespie (1989), Camilla Townsend (2003a, 2003b), Louise Burkhart, Michel Graulich and Michael E. Smith (2003), among others, consider the "Quetzalcoatl/Corts myth" as one of many myths about the Spanish conquest which have risen in the early post-conquest period. 25 Feb/23. Quetzalcoatl, however, had feathers and this made him an altogether different being. Geometric morphometrics is the study of the form and/or shape of objects, or subjects, capturing their geometry. [24] In another story, the virgin Chimalman conceived Quetzalcoatl by swallowing an emerald. In Nhuatl, the word Xolotl was often associated with the concept of twins and physical deformity, so statues of the deity often portray a dog with twin heads, or ragged ears and running sores. Privacy Policy. [5] It was one of several important gods in the Aztec pantheon, along with the gods Tlaloc, Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli. When the brothers separated the sky from the earth, they even turned into the trees that held the two apart, earnings the names of Quetzalhuxotl and Tezcacahuitl.Quetzalcoatls life-giving ability gave rise to many of the things around us. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Accessed June 29, 2019.https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quetzalcoatl. Quetzalcoatl slithers along the border. Kay Almere Read and Jason J. Gonzalez,Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology(Oxford: ABC-CLIO, 2000), 225. "[17], Quetzalcoatl also became linked with rulership and priestly office; additionally, among the Toltec, the name was used as a military title and its representation as an emblem. John Taylor,An Examination Into and an Elucidation of the Great Principle of the Mediation and Atonement: Of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ(Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co, 1892), 201. Aztec religion, the religion followed by the Aztecs, a Nahuatl-speaking people who ruled a large empire in central and southern Mexico in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Being sacrificed on the leaning smoking mirror . While this legend is disputed, it is clear that Quetzalcoatl was an important deity to the Aztecs and other people of Mexico and Central America. [15] In the 17th century, Ixtlilxchitl, a descendant of Aztec royalty and historian of the Nahua people, wrote, "Quetzalcoatl, in its literal sense, means 'serpent of precious feathers' but in the allegorical sense, 'wisest of men'."[16]. Before Quetzalcoatl could escape from Mictlan, however, his deception was discovered by Mictlanecuhtli. [9] In Mazatec legends the astrologer deity Tlahuizcalpanteuctli, who is also represented by Venus, bears a close relationship with Quetzalcoatl. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica,[6] and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. Figure 25: Quetzalcoatl Offering . Serpent mask of Quetzalcoatl or Tlaloc Mosaic mask of Tezcatlipoca The House of the Eagles, and sculptures of Mictlantecuhtli and Eagle Warrior . Steps: Heat the oil in a large pot over medium heat, and cook the onion and garlic until tender. Pratchett, Terry. The gods ground these bones into a meal flour, and then let their own blood drip onto it to create a new race of people. In the iconography of the classic period, Maya serpent imagery is also prevalent: a snake often appears as the embodiment of the sky itself, and a vision serpent is a shamanic helper presenting Maya kings with visions of the underworld. Since the sixteenth century, it has been widely held that the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II initially believed the landing of Hernn Corts in 1519 to be Quetzalcoatl's return. Quetzalcoatl went to Mictlan, the underworld, and created fifth-world mankind from the bones of the previous races (with the help of Cihuacoatl), using his own blood, from a wound he inflicted on his earlobes, calves, tongue, and penis, to imbue the bones with new life. Pour in chicken broth and bring to a boil. Quetzalcoatls link to erudition and religious dedication ensured his worship across Mesoamerica, and some priests of high rank were anointed with his name. Quetzalcoatls actions successfully tricked Mictlantecuhtli into giving him the bones. The return of Topiltzin-Quetzalcoatl, who had departed to the east by sea, certainly seemed like a possibility to the Aztec nobility as they considered the arrival of these seafaring newcomers. Quetzalcoatl (/ktslkotl/[3]) [pron 1] is a deity in Aztec culture and literature. The Tlaxcalteca, along with other city-states across the Plain of Puebla, then supplied the auxiliary and logistical support for the conquests of Guatemala and West Mexico while Mixtec and Zapotec caciques (Colonial indigenous rulers) gained monopolies in the overland transport of Manila galleon trade through Mexico, and formed highly lucrative relationships with the Dominican order in the new Spanish imperial world economic system that explains so much of the enduring legacy of indigenous life-ways that characterize southern Mexico and explain the popularity of the Quetzalcoatl legends that continued through the colonial period to the present day. Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, the Priest, Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Morning Star. Containing a round temple dedicated to the cult of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl, Cholula was considered a pilgrimage destination across Central Mexico. Reduce heat to low. And when the wind rose, when the dust rumbled, and it crack and there was a great din, became it became dark and the wind blew in many directions, and it thundered; then it was said: "[Quetzalcoatl] is wrathful. [32][33][34][35][36] Most documents expounding this theory are of entirely Spanish origin, such as Corts's letters to Charles V of Spain, in which Corts goes to great pains to present the naive gullibility of the Aztecs in general as a great aid in the conquest of the Aztec Empire. Algunas de las caractersticas de Quetzalcatl son las siguientes: Era el dios del viento, del planeta Venus, del amanecer, de los gemelos, de los monstruos, de la energa vital y de la fecundidad en las diversas culturas mesoamericanas. A recurring feature in Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatls iconography is a conch chest ornament. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. There is no question that the legend of Quetzalcoatl played a significant role in the colonial period. To both Teotihuacan and Maya cultures, Venus was in turn also symbolically connected with warfare.[21]. Cholula remained the most important center of worship of Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec/Nahua version of the feathered-serpent deity, in the post-classic period. He was also the ninth of the 13 gods of the daytime hours. Florentine Codex Book 3(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 4: Mexica doctors performing a ceremony in tribute to Quetzalcoatl (pictured). In the afterword, we explore the reasons for his departure, the Chichimec origin of the Toltecs, and we introduced the Nonoalcas. The next morning, Quetzalcoatl, feeling shame and regret, had his servants build him a stone chest, adorn him in turquoise, and then, laying in the chest, set himself on fire. Im curious if anyone here offers that to him and what your experiences with him have been. The god gave the cocoa to the Toltec people, and taught their women to make drinking chocolate. Thank you all for your time, I hope you all have a great day. The belief that he would return from the east in a One Reed year led the Aztec sovereign Montezuma II to regard the Spanish conqueror Hernn Corts and his comrades as divine envoys, because 1519, the year in which they landed on the Mexican Gulf coast, was a One Reed year. No circulation issues were produced in 1983. There are several stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl. As a culture hero, Quetzalcoatl (or Topilzin Quetzalcoatl) was said to be extremely wise, and according to myths, under his rulership agriculture flourished, goods were plentiful, and people lacked for nothing. Ruler of the, Nicholson 2001, Carrasco 1982, Gillespie 1989, Florescano 2002, Lafaye 1987, Townsend 2003, Martnez 1980, Phelan 1970. Fang and Feather: The origin of avian-serpent imagery at Teotihuacan and symbolic interaction with jaguar iconography in Mesoamerica.Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research, 7 (2017): 1826. Members of this confederacy from Tlaxcala, Puebla, and Oaxaca provided the Spaniards with the army that first reclaimed the city of Cholula from its pro-Aztec ruling faction, and ultimately defeated the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). Quezovercoatl was described as being half man, half chicken, half jaguar, half serpent, half scorpion, and half mad for a total of three homicidal maniacs.[13]. Called ehecaczcatl (wind jewel), the shell has been interpreted as an association with the womb and the generation of life. Quetzalcoatlhe was the wind, the guide and road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who brought rain. In poetry weeping and singing both generated noise Read our report on the 3rd London Nahuatl Study Day, Pregnancy and birth influenced Aztec human biology, A cremated example of a death whistle is rediscovered. Quetzalcoatl and his tribe became famous. To save children born during the worst phase of 1 Reed, the Aztecs held childrens naming ceremonies on or after the 7th day of the week (7 Rain) as the following days were more auspicious. [12] Feathered-serpent iconography is prominent at all of these sites. The mighty, warlike Aztec nation existed in Mexico from 1195 to 1521. 78r(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 5: Quetzalcatl-Ehcatl. Captain Planet - Quetzalcoatl Offering - YouTube 0:00 / 4:49 Captain Planet - Quetzalcoatl Offering Bastard Jazz 14.8K subscribers Subscribe 400 40K views 8 years ago Download & Stream:. It has been suggested that these stories recall the spread of the feathered-serpent cult in the epi-classic and early post-classic periods.[12]. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the post-Conquest Tovar Codex Some scholarship maintains the view that the Aztec Empire's fall may be attributed in part to the belief in Corts as the returning Quetzalcoatl, notably in works by David Carrasco (1982), H. B. Nicholson (2001 (1957)) and John Pohl (2016). Learn more about our mission. Although he was generally listed as one of the first-rank deities, no ceremonial month was dedicated to his cult. The priests practiced forms of self-mutilation, such as . [8] In his form as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a harpy eagle. Quetzalcoatl was also the patron of the priests and the title of the twin Aztec high priests. The first bat was born when Quetzalcoatl's semen dripped onto a rock while he was washing. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were brothers in divine myths, where they worked together as creators, and against each other in acts of destruction. [13] Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either Hernn Corts or Thomas the Apostleidentifications which have also become sources of a diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl. Much of the idea of Corts being seen as a deity can be traced back to the Florentine Codex written down some 50 years after the conquest. Recipes and Ramblings From Life on the Farm Quetzalcoatl. Mythopedia, 24 Jan. 2023. https://mythopedia.com/topics/quetzalcoatl. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are Possible cause (A) the petrotenm products vary greaily in physival a (B) complicated refining processes rearrange the structure (C) the two atoms in the molecule assume Many positions (D) the pressure needed to force it to the surface moiecuiar transtormation 34.

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