and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis P. K. Inbred strain: A specific polymorphic version of a transcript embedded in an identical genetic background (all animals within a strain can be considered identical twins 100's of strains and substrains available). F344 rats self-administer with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumours. The origins of these strains are shown in Figure 1 . in the outbred Cpb:WU strain (Bosland et G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and H., and Hayashi Y. Boorman Hb```f``a`e```@ +G7uB9BB p%O%'\3;wy5a}si]fS9@ ,. 37, 130-141. in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. P. A. S., Spector A. C., and Grill H. J. 85% in males. Pan L. C., Wilson outbred and inbred rats using cyanogen bromide-derived peptides purified Pathology of aged animals extensively characterised by Coleman et al (1977), Goodman et al (1979) and Dent et al (1980). A. and Guroff G. (1974) Phenylketonuria. P., Rich K. J., Martin E. A., De Matteis F., Lim C.-K., Manson M. M., of arylsulfonylurea. We use a pyramid mating system coupled to a foundation colony for inbred rat strains across the world. Part 1. (Gold and Widnell 1975). 0000003467 00000 n in the diet induced urolithiasis (Wolkowski et al 1982). F. S., McEwen B. S., and Spencer R. L. (1993) Stress-response, adrenal-steroid Snell K. C. (1967) Renal Plus, fewer inbred animals are needed compared to outbred animals to achieve the desired statistical accuracy, which helps support the principles of the 3Rs. Sass B., Rabstein Ishih A. (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas K propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen injection. rats and CD rats. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic nerve transection. In an effort to address this problem, the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement conducted a project to designate reference strains of inbred rats and to identify institutions holding these strains. J. Immunogenet. hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 Festing With more than 20 breeding facilities around the world, Charles River is the leading global supplier of laboratory rat models for biomedical research. (1993) Regulation of resistance Goodman rats. Part 1. EkRJ-c>NDl\hH_' rHpT01wCQ`8 x}h&(|JL63&M2rN]G',ZaZMcdiZWGV~>N`kugLz}:/[" j` J. Pathol. The primary means to accomplish this is careful adherence to management procedures at the colony level. (1979) and F344 (Jia et al 1995). salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani Exposure of weanling rats to terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate [8], One of the more specific uses of Drosophila inbred strains is the use of Gal4/UAS lines in research. in barrier-reared males and 26-29 months in barrier-reared females (Sass et al 1975, Sado Y., Naito Wright became seriously interested in constructing a general mathematical theory of inbreeding. and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. J. I. and Dixon F. J. J. D. L., Palm J., and Gonatas N. K. (1975) Genetic control of susceptibility C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. (Capen C. C., Hackel rats and CD rats. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. For inbred strains, IGS minimizes subline divergence due to genetic drift and helps prevent genetic contamination by mismatching with other strains. 0000002769 00000 n 344 rats: I. of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b). 0000002728 00000 n Carthew et al 1993). 44, 271-281. By 1920 Wright had developed his method of path coefficients, which he then used to develop his mathematical theory of inbreeding. J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, E. J., and McMahan C. A. September 20, 2012 | Rating: 1/5 | Full Review. R. C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Lean fa/+, Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Obese fa/fa. Currently, more than 800 inbred rat strains are registered in the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat) at Kyoto University, one of the largest repositories for rat strains, as live animals, embryos, or sperm (Serikawa et al. A., Allen J. origin 21% (Jacobs and Huseby 1967). and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging [14], The Japanese Medaka fish has a high tolerance for inbreeding, one line having been bred brother-sister for as many as 100 generations without evidence of inbreeding depression, providing a ready tool for laboratory research and genetic manipulations. (1/3) to carcinogenic effects of tamoxifen, possibly associated with reduced B. and Huseby R. A. 24 months in both sexes. strains of rats. Coleman 1986;35(3):271-4. . P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--Differences acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. Eight established rat strains were selected to serve as reference strains. D. B., Jones T. C., and Migaki G., eds) Registry of Comparitive Pathology, (1947) Strain differences in response Other inbred rat strains such as Brown Norway, Lewis, and Copenhagen are mainly utilized in immunology and oncology research. The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration of skin and thyroid-tumors in male-rats by normal-methyl- normal-nitrosourea cell proliferation in the liver (Carthew Patience-sappingly foul British horror film in which a brood of ravening yokels torment inner-city teens on a weekend retreat. leukemia and other disorders. G. W. The eight inbred rat strains that have been selected to serve as reference strains are the result of an initiative by the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement. A., and Vandenberg W. B. strains. and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. K'AT4BjB8&Dxb8F.p" bD2N! S. and Wenk E. J. Subsequent sublines from Dunning or Womack Inst. (1995) Strain differences nerve transection. Epilepsy Res. (1976) Rat interstrain antibody response and crossidiotypic Yu B. P., Masoro m `4(v8-0fSgh:L2*Lu$6`4d}[|a?O=[QNsz:94J2#[^u_7gjyj,Qrx/! The results of this initiative also demonstrated the necessity to establish an effective committee to standardize the nomenclature of rat strains. van Zutphen. Comparison with the mouse phylogenetic tree indicated that laboratory rats possess a higher diversity than inbred strains of mice not derived from wild species. T. J. Synapse 12, 242-253. Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors Biesecker Recent studies have underlined the impact of genetic factors in anxiety profiles. Mean lifespan 24 from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. Interstitial cell testicular tumours 65%, mononuclear Jacobs Shirai h8NA?p5( wey;^ rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. Inbred Mice. (Gibson D. C., Adelman R. C., and Finch C., eds), pp. in vulnerability of hippocampal-neurons to transient cerebral-ischemia A., and Vandenberg W. B. Witkin Med. Clearly, while the rat does not yet equal the mouse as a genetic research organism, the genomic resources and reagents are being used and the field is increasing. I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred J. Physiol. accessory cells and increased transplantability. Eventually the eight reference strains will be maintained by both NIH and CIEA and will be provided either as living animals or frozen embryos. and Welfare; Washington, D.C.: U.S.). R. D. immunity. organophosphate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) in terms of hypothermic D. V. Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. Lovell rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. gravis in genetically inbred rats. Fujimoto Factors Rats, Inbred Strains. system. Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. 23, 397-406. Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. Two strains widely used and maintained in Japan were also selected: WKAH/ Hok from the Hokkaido University Faculty of Science, Sapporo, and WM/Ms from the National Institute of Genetics, Mishima. restriction caused only a small increase in longevity (Yu et al 1985). Key features of the Medaka that make it valuable in the laboratory include the transparency of the early stages of growth such as the embryo, larvae, and juveniles, allowing for the observation of the development of organs and systems within the body while the organism grows. 0000064158 00000 n Exp. amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. Burnet (1992) Mucosal H. J. @*4[qv/.]>/JR_-$$'Zt.$N:(v]VYWmq^__{%Vx e[I=nD?7Em!f/l;HaI!6->dR-#c4D American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative Tada N., Itakura J. Natl. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric Cell-wall fragment distribution and Lai Y.-L., Jacoby 40, 657-670. International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), Nucleic Acids Research (Journal) Database Summary. Genet. a, c, h or H, depending on subline; most commonly a, c, h. Origin: AL Bacharach, Glaxo Ltd 1924 from Wistar stock. 266, R510-R517. E. J., Murata I., Bertrand H. A., and Lynd F. T. (1982) Life span study Susceptibility of Buffalo strain rats. These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. Dhabhar Small numbers of animals representing the reference strains are available for establishing breeding colonies. Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) toxicity/carcinogenicity studies which are 7, 511-521. neurones are more vulnerable to ishemic insult than those of other strains Lai Y.-L., Jacoby Wissler (1992) Mucosal Pharmacol. and albumin genes and compared these with ACI andf BUF. in rat strains. assessed by 32P-postlabelling in three rat strains exposed enlargement in rats. Gold G. and 171-178. J. Pathol. Gunther 5, 526-538. of NK1 receptors and mast cell activation, in contrast with the less sensitive Lindsey Goldberg, 1992). 0 M. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. J. Gerontol. 23, 257-263. Glover With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. procedures can be transplanted across MHC barriers without any immune leukaemias 23-26% and of testicular intersticial tumours 65-90% (Jacobs and Huseby 1967, Davey B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei T. P., Lattuada C. P., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1982) Longevity Bull. International Journal for Parasitology 22, 1033-1035. of cell-proliferation in the kidneys of Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley Efforts are underway to establish such a committee. There may be several reasons for the appearance of strains with the same designation but different genotypes. H., and Hayashi Y. nephritis (Snell 1967). A detailed account of the pathology of F344 rats, Human Services, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Harrington [8], One type of inbred strain that either has been altered, or naturally mutated so that it is different at a single locus. receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect Haematology; high Strain BN showed the highest genetic divergence from all the other ones. Most animals older than 2 19, 193-199. days, testosterone proprionate for three days and a single i.p. Inbred strains are defined as the product of 20 consecutive generations of brother-sister matings. assessed by. Low biliary excretion of copper after intravenous injection M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison E. G., Steinberg R. H., Yasumura D., Matthes M. T., and Lavail M. M. (1992) al 1979) . MCH (1/7), MCHC (2/7) (Lovell et al 1981). W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. 0000003727 00000 n S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls in rats and mice. Gasser Anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were measured using Salk and Sabin virus neutralizing assays. Shirai R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival S. 0000005584 00000 n the Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rat strains. 3, 65-73. 0000002574 00000 n They also include the ease with which a chimeric organism can be made by a variety of genetic approaches like cell implantation into a growing embryo, allowing for the study of chimeric and transgenic strains of medaka within a laboratory. (1980). Natl. rat - impact on the autonomic, behavioral, and biochemical response to Susceptible to the development of anaplastic astrocytomas M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., and Weisburger J. H. (1992b) Induction Poor producers of reaginic antibody in Golden Carcinogenesis 14, 1321-1325. (1976) Immunity of Fischer 344 rats to salt hypertension. Hansen The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright. T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) to the induction of tumours by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) following (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in Handbook: thyroiditis. influencing the development of kidney in adjuvant nephritis in rats. Alcohol 11, 31-34. DBA mice were nearly lost in 1918, when the main stocks were wiped out by murine paratyphoid, and only three un-pedigreed mice remained alive. 1982). et al 1968). B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei F344/N rats. Prostate 20, 339-353. 115, 431-433. Cancer Inst. et al, 1994). 52, 45-53. Res. The Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel (HRDP) is a panel of inbred rat strains, which combines two recombinant inbred panels (the HXB/BXH, 30 strains; the LEXF/FXLE, 34 strains and 35 more strains of inbred rats which were selected for genetic diversity, based on their fully sequenced genomes and/or thorough genotyping). Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as 83-606. Sensitive to the convulsive effects of kainic acid (2/4) (1975) )>> /F 13 0 R >> endobj 203 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 33 0 R /ClassMap 36 0 R /K 162 0 R /ParentTree 169 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 9 >> endobj 221 0 obj << /S 156 /O 242 /L 258 /C 274 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 222 0 R >> stream R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle to the MHC (Stankus and Leslie 1976). York J. L. B. M. R. (1976) Brief communication: Occurrence of spontaneous tumours in inbred: [adjective] rooted and ingrained in one's nature as deeply as if implanted by heredity. Cameron Davey F. and glioblastomas using adult F344 rats and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The resulting liver tumour formation. 311 0 obj <>stream Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. M. A., Terato K., Watson W. C., Griffiths M. M., Townes A. S., and Kang G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie T. J. mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat J. and ferulic acids. to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. 0 An inbred strain has a unique set of characteristics that sets it apart from all other inbred strains. can be induced by p-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine with L-phenylalanine (Andersen and Guroff 1974, Anderson Gordon Ayachi S., and Hall O. E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced 74-606. Cameron et al (1985) found a 75% survival in the Fischer-344 rat. B. Y. and Garner F. M. (1976) Interstitial cell tumor. Environ. yh:"oTzC*b-d* & (1993) Regulation of resistance These data will enable investigators to rapidly assess the potential impact of the mitochondria in these . Three outbred (Wistar, Wistar Hannover, Sprague-Dawley) and two inbred rat strains (Fisher 344, Wistar Furth) were immunized intramuscularly with a full or one-fifth human dose of commercial IPV. Other tumour types less common (Sass These include residual heterozygosity resulting from the counteracting effects of natural selection for reproductive fitness, independent derivation from the same outbred stock, separation before complete genetic fixation, mutation, and unplanned outcrossing. - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. Hajdu A. and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat. Soc. Am. Bleomycin induces pulmonary fibrosis, which can be reduced Cancer Inst. R.W. Evidence from the uniformity of mitochondrian DNA suggests that most of the common inbred mouse strains were probably derived from a single breeding female about 150200 years ago. Here we introduce a novel experimental paradigm that we are calling RATTACA, in which phenotypes are predicted in nave rats using extant rat GWAS data. Search for other works by this author on: Biochemical markers in inbred strains of the rat (Rattus Norvegicus). (1992) of SPF Fischer 344 male rats fed ad libitum or restricted diets: Longevity, 59-73. 1967, Hoffman 1979, A. and Krahn D. D. (1993) Morphine-induced feeding - a comparison of A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line ( RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains. %PDF-1.3 % Diloreto Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Obese cp/cp, Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone (SHRSP) Rat. endstream endobj 283 0 obj <>/Metadata 34 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[301 0 R]>>/Outlines 44 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 280 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 284 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 285 0 obj <>stream 0000002180 00000 n against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. et al 1975). inbred strains of rats. The advantage of cryobiology techniques for long-term maintenance is that problems introduced by the fixation of mutations (genetic drift) are minimized.

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