1910 Cyrus Thomas Obituary. The Smithsonian's role in the Davenport controversy produced considerable hosti 1 ity from many antiquarians (see McKussick 1970) at a time when "professional" archaeology was still in its infancy. McGee word divider read, from right to left, LYHWD, or "for Judea." Your email address will not be published. Quotes and ideas attributed to Arnold Murray are the intellectual property of Arnold Murray, of course.Earth Vs. the Flying Saucers (1956) was produced by Clover Productions. "belonging to Yehucal" (Mazar 2006: 26). The C-shaped brass bracelets that were apparently found under the skull or mandible of Burial 1 (Thomas 1894:393) have been cited by some cult archaeology writers as additional evidence of pre-Columbian contacts and thus supporting their claims of authenticity for the Bat Creek stone (e.g., McCulloch 1988; Mahan [1983:57] contends that "a conscious effort was made to obscure the results of the [metallurgical] tests" by the Smithsonian Institution). His findings indicate the stone is authentic, meaning that it is ancient and the Hebrew inscription on its surface is also authentic. ", McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisted: Introduction Yet, even as the Davenport finds "proved too much" with respect to pre-Columbian Old World contacts, so too did the Bat Creek stone "prove too much" regarding Thomas's own pet hypothesis that the immediate ancestors of the Cherokee constructed most of the burial mounds in eastern North America. Note that we do not contend that these signs are Cherokee - only that there are some formal similarities (McKussick [1979] incorrectly asserts that the signs actually are a form of Cherokee). Washington. 1-19, In Paleo-Hebrew, Judah (Judea) is spelled yhwdh, not yhwd. Mounds and ancient works are described and figured which do not and never did exist; and articles are represented which are modern reproductions" (Thomas 1898:24-25). Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. [1] Emmert claimed to have found the tablet in Tipton Mound 3 during an excavation of Hopewell mounds in Loudon County, Tennessee. Mertz, Henriette, The Wine Dark Sea: Homer's Heroic Epic of the North originally proposed by Mertz. longer word, and identifed the second letter of the shorter The sign is quite similar to the Cherokee "ga" regardless of the orientation of the stone. Tennessee Anthropologist 1988(2), pp. To our knowledge no recent investigation has uncovered anything resembling the stone domed vaults or 'stone hives' which he describes" (1952:218-219). Another of 2006): 16-27, 70. For example, Stone's (1974) magnum opus on Fort Michilimackinac does not discuss the chemical composition of any of the thousands of artifacts recovered, and misidentifies as "copper" a number of kettle lugs (pp. Despite their academic trappings, rogue professors "have lost the absolutely essential ability to make qualitative assessments of the data they are studying," while often ignoring scientific standards of testing and veracity. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. 1994 BAR . McCulloch, J. Huston, "John Emmert, Demon Rum, and The inscription consists of at least eight distinct characters. 32 no. University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology, Report of Investigations No. The fact that Thomas This possibility is certainly suggested by the following: "Another fact that should be borne in mind by the student is the danger of basing conclusions on abnormal objects, or on one or two unusual types. Testing by the Smithsonian (Thomas 1894) and the University of Tennessee (Schroedl 1975) suggests that this structure was a multi-stage Mississippi an platform mound (perhaps lacking associated structures on the mound surfaces). Biblical Archaeologist 42:137-140. In fact, it seems all too likely that the Bat Creek stone may be only the single most notorious example of misrepresentation on the part of Emmert during his association with the Bureau of American Ethnology. http://druidry.org/obod/lore/coelbren/coelbren.html. 1991 Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. The Bat Creek inscription (also called the Bat Creek stone or Bat Creek tablet) is an inscribed stone collected as part of a Native American burial mound excavation in Loudon County, Tennessee, in 1889 by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology's Mound Survey, directed by entomologist Cyrus Thomas.The inscriptions were initially described as Cherokee, but in 2004, similarities to an inscription . Bat Creek does not require it to have Coelbren and to exonerate Morgannwg. Swanton, John R. Gordon demonstrates their incompetence to If Shepherd's Chapel has blessed you, help them bless. That Thomas identified the metal as copper is hardly surprising, considering that substantial numbers of native copper artifacts had been recovered from mounds throughout the eastern United States. is less common than the dot, but appears both 1938 An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee. Even more telling is the fact that Cyrus Thomas himself did not discuss the Bat Creek stone in his later substantive publications (1898, 1903, 1905 [with WJ McGee]). Mound 2 was a burial mound approximately 3 m tall and 13 m in diameter. Publications of the Museum, Michigan State University, Anthropological Series, Vol. 1903 The Indians of North America in Historic Times (published as Volume 2 of The History of North America). 1975 Archaeological Investigations at the Harrison Branch and Bat Creek Sites. Biblical That Gordon's penchant for pre-Columbian contacts lies outside mainstream scholarly research is evident in the following: "No politically astute member of the establishment who prizes his professional reputation is likely to risk his good name for the sake of a truth that his peers (and therefore the public) may not be prepared to accept for fifty or a hundred years" (Gordon 1974:20). LYHWD[M], or "for the Judeans.". [1] This specific volume was "extensively reprinted during the latter half of the nineteenth century", and would have been available to the forger. however, reflect on the Mound Survey's data-collecting LYHW- on both the Yehucal bulla and the Masonic illustration Likewise, the presence of this string on This range is consistent with He reported that the Bat Creek Stone was found under the skull of the south-facing skeleton. Kimberley, Howard, "Madoc 1170: Were the Welsh the Mahan, Joseph B. Jr. Journal of Archaeological Science 5(1):1-16. Unlike the Davenport frauds and the Kennsington runestone, the Bat Creek stone generated little interest, and consequently there is no "paper trail" to follow. sign iv) or he_ (cf. My reply to the new Mainfort Above the vault, an intrusive Historic burial containing 2 brass (probably silver plated) trade brooches, a metal button, and fragments of preserved buckskin were encountered. Does Arnold Murray understand Hebrew? Rebuilding it would require only about 38 cubic yards of bookstore. Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. and Mary L. Kwas. American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York. Academic Press, Inc., New York. Nothing resembling the mass bundle burials which he found on Long Island in Roane County and on the McGhee Farm in Monroe County has been recovered in more recent work. It has nevertheless been accepted for publication in in diameter and 5 feet in height," according to the offical Since neither of the authors have training in ancient Near Eastern languages, we requested an assessment of the Bat Creek inscription from Frank Moore Cross, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University. 2. is the modern invention of Edward Williams The broken sign cannot be mem in the designated period and even if it could, it would not be the spelling used after the sixth century B.C. First, the inscription is not a legitimate Paleo-Hebrew inscription, despite the resemblances of several signs to Paleo-Hebrew characters. The proposed time period is of relevance because the forms of Paleo-Hebrew letters evolved over time. 1972 The Bat Creek Inscription. Washington. Archaeology and Creationism, edited by Francis B. Harrold and Baymond A. Eve, University of Iowa Press, pp. Emmert was employed as both a temporary and regular field assistant by the Smithsonian Institution for several years between 1883 and 1889, and personally directed a truly amazing number of excavations at sites in eastern Tennessee and adjacent areas. In Thomas' defense, however, it is worth noting that some of the signs (ii, iii, and vii in the orientation illustrated by Thomas [1890, 1894], and i, 11, iii, and vii in the purported Paleo-Hebrew orientation) exhibit moderate to close resemblances with characters of the Cherokee syllabary. This shape suggests the stone's creator used a rounded instrument to make the engraving. You decide.All images of Arnold Murray are from \"The Translation\" which is the property of Shepherd's Chapel in Gravette, Arkansas (I think). [14][1] Gordon concluded that Thomas had been viewing the inscription "upside down", and when re-read in its proper orientation, the inscription represented "ancient Hebrew". The inscribed stone was found in an undisturbed Hopewell burial mound along the Little Tennessee River near the mouth of Bat Creek. the Bat Creek inscription works much better than of the Norse settlement at L'anse Meadows (Ingstad 1964), no convincing evidence for such occurrences has ever been found or recognized by professional researchers. Thomas, Cyrus, "Mound Explorations," in Twelfth Annual Report Curiously, while urging readers to "seek out the views of qualified scholars" about the signs on the Bat Creek stone, McCulloch (1988), an amateur epigrapher, offers interpretations of three signs (vi, vii, and viii) that contradict the published assessments of one of the stone's most outspoken proponents (Cyrus Gordon, a published Near Eastern language specialist), implying that despite his own lack of expertise in Paleo-Hebrew, McCulloch considers his own opinion to be as valid as those of specialists in the field. by JHM TA Spring 1993, pp. Our analysis will focus primarily on alleged similarities with Paleo-Hebrew, although a few comments will be made concerning Thomas' (1890, 1894) identification of the signs as Cherokee. ; For the Judeans, or For Judea, a clear reference to ancient Israel. Mooney, James undoubtedly working from a newly-available The stone has some crude carvings that some interpret as "paleo-Hebrew" but have previously been considered an early form of Cherokee or completely fake. George Barrie and Sons, Philadelphia. Thomas first published the inscription in his The Cherokees in Pre-Columbian Times (1890, Fig. 1993, pp. One of the best recent works on ancient America is flawed to some extent by want of this precaution. In fact, however, we have located only 6 references to the Bat Creek stone in contemporary and more recent mainstream professional literature. Gordon, Cyrus, "Stone Inscription Found in Tennessee Proves that America was Discovered 1500 Years before Columbus," Argosy Magazine, Jan. 1971a. [16] It has subsequently been loaned to the Museum of the Cherokee Indian in Cherokee, N.C., where it has been on display since 2015. disguise his or her source. 1900 Myths of the Cherokee. [3] Yet despite this incongruity, at the time of its finding, there was little controversy regarding the inscription, and in fact, "Thomas did not discuss the Bat Creek stone in any of his later substantive publications". vii: Our comments pertaining to sign vi apply in toto here as well. Try these: joseph smithfree moviesfaith crisishomeschool. although a few of the letters could be taken for [9] Historian Sarah E. Baires writes that the attribution of the mound builders to "any groupother than Native Americans" reflects the "practices" of European settlers that primarily "included the erasure of Native American ties to their cultural landscapes". Gordon's dating of the letters. From the epigraphic standpoint, there is no clear cut reason to conclude that the Bat Creek Stone is a fraud or that it proves an Israelite origin for the . Wilson et al. National Geographic 126(5) :708-734. All images. Thomas's original Cherokee interpretation, Jefferson Chapman, Director of the McClung Museum at the University of Tennessee, generously provided copies of unpublished reports and correspondence by and pertaining to John Emmert. The late Semitic languages In early 1889, Emmert resumed his excavations under Thomas' direction; by February 15 he had "found" the Bat Creek stone (Emmert to Thomas, 15 February 1889). 1975 Unexpected Faces in Ancient America, 1500 B.C. Bat Creek Stone - (The Translation) - The Shepherd's Chapel Eagle Wings Ministries 4.85K subscribers Subscribe 603 views 1 month ago @TheShepherdsChapel Show more Show more Enjoy 1 week. Perhaps more important, we hope that our efforts here will influence some of our colleagues to take an active role in countering claims made by cult archaeologists and particularly in providing the general public with accessible information about the remarkable discoveries made by mainstream archaeology (see Williams 1987, 1988a, 1988b). American Antiquity 51(2):365-369. The stone was found placed behind the head of one of the bodies in the mounds. Both Professors Cross and Williams read and commented on an earlier version of this paper. v: Despite problems with its relative size, this sign is normal for Paleo-Hebrew script ("lamed") between 100 B.C. Thanks to the late Warren W. Dexter, author with Donna Martin of reply by JHM BAR Nov./Dec. The Bat Creek stone, allegedly found in an undisturbed burial mound by an employee of the Smithsonian Institution, has been heralded by cult archaeologists as proof of pre-Columbian visitations to the New World by Mediterranean peoples. on the second Bat Creek letter, von Wuthenau, Alexander document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Try these: joseph smithmiraclesthe other eminent men of wilford woodruffsymbolismplural wivesreformationapostasymartin luthersalem witch trialsall-seeing eyeanti-christhanukkahintelligent designrestorationmountain meadows massacreevolutionhuguenotszelph. 1-33. 32 A.D. and 769 A.D.(McCulloch 1988). Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors Building Finishing Contractors Other Specialty Trade Contractors Building Material and Supplies Dealers Other Miscellaneous Retailers Other Financial Investment Activities Lessors of Real Estate Building Equipment Contractors Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Traveler Accommodation Rooming and Boarding Houses . The Bat Creek stone from eastern Tennessee is a notable exception and is considered by cult archaeologists to be the best piece of evidence for pre-Columbian contacts by Old World cultures. in the locality could recollect. Accessed 12/29/05. It was most likely copied from the General History, Cyclopedia, and Dictionary of Freemasonry. See also comment Required fields are marked *. 88 (Sept. 2010). Welsh Discover America," unsigned online press release at the fit as Hebrew is by no means perfect (McCarter 1993). to 400 AD.2. The two vertical strokes above Gordon's claim resulted in a national newspaper wire story, as well as articles in Newsweek and Argosy. McKusick, Marshall "The Translation" with Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, a Special Documentary, in which Dr. Arnold takes us to Louden Co, TN, the Bat Creek Stone location, providing the only ACCURATE translation of this Ancient Paleo-Hebrew writing over 2000 years old right here in the great USA! In June 2010 the stone underwent Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination by American Petrographic Services at the McClung Museum on the campus of the University of Tennessee. Bat Creek: Excavations in the Smithsonian Archives,", "The Bat Creek Inscription: Did Judean 5-18. No reference to the stone appears in the following significant publications: Gilbert (1943), Harrington (1922), Hodge (1907), Mooney (1892, 1900, 1907), Moorehead (1910, 1914), Setzler and Jennings (1941), Shetrone (1930), Swanton (1946, 1952), and Webb (1938). In classic cult archaeology style, Cyrus Thomas (1894) is denigrated by these writers for stating that the bracelets were made of copper, when in fact they are actually brass. http://bookofmormonevidence.org/history-of-the-bat-creek-stone/, the other eminent men of wilford woodruff. Additionally, there are very few references to the stone in the professional archaeological literature. American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal 12(1):54. MinnesotaHistorical Society, St. Paul. nearby Bat Creek Mound #2 at the time of excavation, so it the above photograph of the Bat Creek stone. 1898 Introduction to the Study of North American Archaeology. However, the presence of the string 1890 The Cherokee in Pre-Columbian Times. However, the fifth letter of the second word is clearly different in the two 1943 The Eastern Cherokees. As to the specific signs on the Bat Creek stone, several are passable Cherokee, and the inspiration for the remainder could have been any number of published sources, including illustrations of the Grave Creek stone and the Davenport tablets. 1988 The Bat Creek Inscription: Cherokee or Hebrew? of the 19th century setting, as well as shade for picnickers. 1988). [1] The consensus among archaeologists is that the tablet is a hoax,[1][3] although some have argued that the ancient Hebrew text on the stone supports pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories. 1907 Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico.Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. the Macoy illustration, begins with the Masonic 14, No. It is for this reason that we consider it important to bring the Bat Creek controversy to the attention of professional archaeologists; many of us are likely to be questioned by journalists and the general public about this issue in the future. Yet he does not mention the author of the publication he was criticizing, undoubtedly because he himself was the author. 30.Washington. Biblical Archaeology Review happens to contain a Day, Joan The Bat Creek Stone. and subsequent American archaeologists failed to see Despite the impeccable detail of this lithograph, These signs have been identified by Gordon (1971, 1972, 1974; see Mahan [1971]) as Paleo-Hebrew letters of the period circa A.D. 100; McCulloch (1988) suggests the first century A.D. The owner stated that he had cut trees Harrold, Francis B. and Raymond A. Eve Serenwen, "Coelbren Ar Beirdd," undated webpage at Washington. 1993, p. 46. [3] Thomas's efforts were crucial because of their ability to destabilize the myth of the Mound Builders by providing irrefutable evidence that Indigenous Americans are responsible for constructing the mounds. Gordon, Cyrus, Before Columbus (New York, Crown, 1971b), Appendix. Although various stone structures are often presented as evidence of pre-Columbian contacts (e.g., Fell 1976), it is the considerable number of purported ancient Old World inscriptions from virtually all parts of the North America that are particularly heralded by proponents as "proof" of transatlantic voyages. There are, however, a number of unpublished documents that shed some light on the issue. Catalogue No. adequately classify and evaluate ancient material. even among Celtic enthusiasts, better than to English, and no one has ever proposed a Cherokee reading As a strong advocate of pre-Columbian contacts between the Mediterranean region and the New World, Gordon's (1971, 1972, 1974) interpretation of the Bat Creek inscription could justifiably be criticized on the grounds that his zeal to make a case for the radiation of higher culture from a single Near Eastern center caused him to relax the disciplines of historical linguistics, paleography, and historical orthography. In: Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, edited by Frederick W. Hodge, pp. 1-16, rejoinder by M&K, TA Fall Robert Clarke, Cincinnati. by P. Kyle McCarter, BAR July/August 1993, pp. The "The Bat Creek Fraud: A Final Statement". Professional Geologist Scott Wolter of American Petrographic Services of St. Paul, MN explains the petrographic analysis of the Bat Creek stone. McKusick, Marshall. Importantly, no documentation regarding the production and use of comparable artifacts by first or second century A.D. Mediterranean peoples has been presented by McCulloch (1988), Mahan (1983), or other cult archaeology writers. New York Graphic Society, Greenwich. in the Siloam inscription and the Qumran Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Although the conclusions reached in this paper may not prove convincing to cult archaeology proponents, we hope that our comments will prove helpful to our colleagues in responding to the Bat Creek controversy and other claims made by cult archaeologists. 169-413. Mainfort and Kwas does show that this alternate form of Q is already present on Bat Creek, One of the arguments against the authenticity of these stones is the supposed lack of corroborating evidence for Hebrew language. McClung Museum This arm in fact appears Accessed Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. Fel1, Barry America's Ancient Stone Relics , Academy Books, New York: Basic Books. David and Charles, Newton Abbot. [5], The Bat Creek Stone remains the property of the Smithsonian Institution, and is catalogued in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, NMNH catalog number 8013771 and original US National Museum number A134902-0. Bat Creek instead correctly Kimberley (2000)). "MEGALITHS" With Dr Barry Fell & Dr Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel "They Came A Viking" - E. Raymond Capt, Shepherd's Chapel, "North American Sun Kings" - Dr. Mahan & Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, "CHRISTMAS" Dr Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel. text. 3-548. Scratched through the patinated exterior on one surface are a minimum of 8, and possibly as many as 9 (excluding a small mark identified by some writers as a word divider), signs that resemble alphabetic characters (Figure 1). also happens to be the second letter of the first word in the Masonic 1987 Fantastic Archaeology: What Should We Do About It? [11] Mound 1 of the Bat Creek Site was excavated in 1975. The lone letter below the main line is problematic, but could Gordon, pp. As English, for example, the main line could be forced to read "4SENL , YP" McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisted: This small, inscribed rock was reportedly excavated from a mound in 1889 by John W. Emmert, a Smithsonian Institution field assistant, during the course of the Bureau of American Ethnology Mound Survey. The findspot was about would make an appropriate memorial for the find, The second letter (D) on the Masonic inscription does look is not unlikely that Mound #3's trees were of the same type. 87-93. Judah or Yehud (YHWD in the The potential significance of the Bat Creek stone rests primarily on the decipherment of the 8 characters inscribed upon it. Since other signs are not claimed to be fourth century, the comparison is clearly illegitimate. However, the most telling difference between the Bat 2013 Gregory . at the approximate site of the mound The Bat Creek Stone was professionally excavated in 1889 from an undisturbed burial mound in Eastern Tennessee by the Smithsonian's Mound Survey project. Wolter, Scott, and Richard D. Stehly. Mainfort 1979:357-359). In the 1894 Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology, the inscription was first officially mentioned along with other artifacts recovered from the Bat Creek Mound excavations. 5th Annual Report - authors) and I certainly agree with you that the Cherokees were Mound Builders, in fact there is not a doubt in my mind about it.". 10. (Same illustration is on p. 169 of 1870 edition W-like shin of the Biblical QDSh (Qedosh) is entirely "The Translation" (Bat Creek Stone), Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, STONE OF DESTINY by E. Raymond Capt, Shepherd's Chapel Documentaries, "Great Conspiracy" by Pastor Arnold Murray, ShepherdsChapel.com, RED LINE by Pastor Dennis Murry, Shepherd's Chapel, Shepherd's Chapel: When Is The White Throne Judgement. Bat Creek: Excavations in the Smithsonian Archives," July 1987. Journal of Mormon History, Vol. The words are: R, QL, YH, VD. Archaic and Woodland cultural materials were also recovered from the pre-mound deposits and were also present in the adjacent occupation areas. Carter, George [2] Additionally, the entire surface of the stone appears to be polished, which further contributes to the smooth, rounded edges of the markings. Freemasonry, An alternative Together, these stones may work in concert to verify the presence of ancient Hebrew civilizations in the heartland of America. 1981 Radiocarbon Dating in Eastern Arctic Archaeology: a Flexible Approach. In a Hopewell burial mound in eastern Tennessee. According to Emmert's field notes, the Bat Creek Stone was found in Mound3. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. Chadwick, John Although the authors have no formal training in the Cherokee syllabary (nor do cult archaeology writers such as Gordon and McCulloch), it seems necessary to However, Wilson et al. Harrington, M.R. Ingstad, Helge A 3-foot black oak tree still stood on The mound had some large sassafras trees standing on it when 12/29/05. The mound itself has been While much of the original confluence of Bat Creek and the Little Tennessee was submerged by the lake, the mound in which the Bat Creek Stone was found was located above the reservoir's operating levels. SATANIC MEDIA EXPOSED, Uvalde TX Shooting LIES! 2, p. 127. 1922 Cherokee and Earlier Remains on Upper Tennessee. The Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications, vol. 30. First, in a short contribution to the Handbook of North American Indians entitled "Inscribed Tablets," Fowke (1907:691) stated that: "While it would be perhaps too much to say that there exists north of Mexico no tablet or other ancient article that contains other than a pictorial or pictographic record, it is safe to assert that no authentic specimen has yet been brought to public notice." The distinctive any competent student of antiquities. There is no way this subtle Before exploring this issue, we will state that we have no unequivocal data to present. This conclusion stems in part from the fact that there were few (if any) other noteworthy "recent" publications on North American prehistory, and certainly none that included large numbers of illustrations of both "ancient works" and artifacts. Finally, McKussick (1970) attempted to rebutt the Paleo-Hebrew claims of Gordon and others, mistakenly asserting that the Bat Creek inscription was, in fact, a form of Cherokee. He noted that the broken letter on the far left is consistent That Emmert read this journal, much less had a research note published in it, indicates that he was a rather learned individual. [15] And Professor in Biblical Studies and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Kyle McCarter expresses, "the Bat Creek stone has no place in the inventory of Hebrew inscriptions from the time of the First Jewish Revolt against Rome" and "belongs to the melodrama of American archaeology in the late 19th century". [8] The reasons are complicated for the popularity of this obfuscation of the facts of Native American societies, but it is clear that it reflects the sentiments of European settler colonialism. with details of their analysis, which I have not yet had time to critique. You must have a Gab account and be logged in to comment. American Antiquity 46(2):244-271. [2], North America has a vast and significant history, a "rich history" that belongs to "sophisticated Native American civilizations" and pre-dates the introduction of European settler colonialism.

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