of the following countries would be considered individualistic cultures: Which There are a number of international agreements and national laws relating to the protection of culture and cultural heritage. culture? 1784. In the practice of religion, analogous attributes can be identified in a social group. (b) Volkswagen All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in However, some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complicated, abilities for social learning. Marion hired you to research why employees are coming late and. d. Being better ability to create the products desired by consumers Edward T. Hall introduced the concept of high-context cultures, which he defined as cultures whose rules of communication rely heavily on contextual elements. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham. China China is also on the list of high context countries because its culture is influenced by Confucian elements (benevolence, propriety, righteousness, etc.). The visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas encompasses the visual artistic practices of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from ancient times to the present. Humane Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others. 3) 36. For example, Japan has a more individualistic approach to problem solving, whereas China and South Korea tend to be more collectivist. Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights deals with cultural heritage in two ways: it gives people the right to participate in cultural life on the one hand and the right to the protection of their contributions to cultural life on the other. Japan High context cultures are those in which communication is largely implied rather than explicit. The country leans towards collectivism, and harmony within the group is important. a. Technology has not affected how and why we communicate. Which of the following is not a dimension of culture? Exploring What Liquor is in an Old Fashioned: History, Tips & Secrets of Crafting the Perfect Classic Cocktail, Welcome Your Guests in Style: Entryway Tile Ideas for a Stylish, How to Play Music on Jetson Hoverboard: A Step-by-Step Guide, Exploring Julia Stiles Career as a Dancer: From Beginner to Accomplished Performer, How to pick out the proper payroll software for your enterprise, Security Tips For Every Web Developer Should Follow, Elevate your e-commerce business by enhancing packaging, Top 15 Decentralized Autonomous Organization Companies, 10 Must-Have Skills for Any Web Developer (Latest Guide 2023), Does Chobani Have Live Cultures? This E-mail is already registered as a Premium Member with us. and more. Which of the following countries is considered a high-context On the other hand, it has posed challenges for preserving a high context culture, as certain aspects of the culture may be lost in the process of global integration. Which of the following countries represents a high - Course Hero The writer Julia Kristeva is among influential voices at the turn of the century, contributing to cultural studies from the field of art and psychoanalytical French feminism. The last two, in fact, have become the main focus of cultural studies. a. (. a. High-context. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Group of answer choices [15], Cultural invention has come to mean any innovation that is new and found to be useful to a group of people and expressed in their behavior but which does not exist as a physical object. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry. Culture (/kltr/) is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. attitude that ones own culture is superior to others is known as: Ethnocentrism, _________ Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. These variables include gender egalitarianism, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, and human orientation. Chapter 1 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet Psychological barriers to listening include hearing disabilities, poor acoustics, and noisy surroundings. For example, after tropical forests returned at the end of the last ice age, plants suitable for domestication were available, leading to the invention of agriculture, which in turn brought about many cultural innovations and shifts in social dynamics. Rather than being individualistic, they have an increased inclination towards conformity; Increased concern regarding in-group members. Chapter_01_Communicating_in_the_Digital_Age_Workplace, The purpose of this discussion is to help you use strategies to effectively communicate in a professional environment. Write each sentence in the space provided. Thus in military culture, valor is counted a typical behavior for an individual and duty, honor, and loyalty to the social group are counted as virtues or functional responses in the continuum of conflict. These communicators represent what kind of culture? 37. [63] Cultural lenses may also make people view the same outcome of events differently. In contrast, low-context cultures rely on explicit verbal communication. Empathetic senders consider how the receiver will decode the message and try, As you first begin the composition process, which of the following questions should you ask yourself? a. This view comes through in the book Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman (by Paul du Gay et al. tolerance (c) Michael Jordan [10], The Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time. In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (17671835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. Humanity is in a global "accelerating culture change period," driven by the expansion of international commerce, the mass media, and above all, the human population explosion, among other factors. There are strong distinctions made between individuals who are members of the ingroup and those who are not members in high-context cultures. Why, Marion is the manager at a local doctor's office. Most Americans communicate with business associates at approximately 1 feet. [3] Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change. d. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago and is often thought to be unique to humans. Choose two phrases to form a sentence that correctly uses a word from Word List 6. High-" and "low-" context cultures typically refer to language groups, nationalities, or regional communities. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? | Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Do you have knowledge or insights to share? This means that the members' identity is heavily rooted in groups, i.e., families and work units. What should he do when citing numbers in the contract? Social media offers very little potential for intercultural engagement. An error occurred trying to load this video. UNESCO, 2016, p 73. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. (Note: Is this article not meeting your expectations? Because of recent publicized business scandals, companies are now eager to regain public trust and to build ethical environments. Rein Raud, building on the work of Umberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu and Jeffrey C. Alexander, has proposed a model of cultural change based on claims and bids, which are judged by their cognitive adequacy and endorsed or not endorsed by the symbolic authority of the cultural community in question. On the other hand, some researchers try to look for differences between people's personalities across cultures. 33. Low-context [61][62] As different cultures dictate distinctive norms, culture shock is also studied to understand how people react when they are confronted with other cultures. The dimensions collectively portray the impact of the culture ingrained in society on the values of the members of that society. High context cultures are those in which communication is largely implied rather than explicit. Power Distance Index & Examples | What is Power Distance? Which of the following countries would likely view a business contract as a binding document? To begin our exploration of Japans high context culture, we must first compare it to other high context cultures. Placing emphasis on written information Learning about beliefs and practices different from our own and appreciating them means displaying _______. ScholarOn, 10685-B Hazelhurst Dr. # 25977, Houston, TX 77043,USA. The notion that they hold unique beliefs. 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In the context of cultural studies, a text includes not only written language, but also films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts of culture. "[21] He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently. Answer: Germany Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events. Recruiters often rank communication skills as the highest skill set sought by employers. c. Ethnocentrism is the oversimplified perception of a behavioral pattern or characteristic applied to all groups. [2] High-context cultures often exhibit less-direct verbal and nonverbal . It is also intended to affect the particularly sensitive cultural memory, the growing cultural diversity and the economic basis (such as tourism) of a state, region or municipality. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 c. d. Japan. Another individual, a Japanese-American business executive, described the culture as one that values relationships over transactions. High-context cultures are more likely to be intuitive . Finally, the language also includes a variety of nonverbal communication such as facial expressions, hand gestures, and tone of voice. use words that will impress the listener. Human Growth and Development: Certificate Program, Human Growth and Development: Help and Review, Human Growth and Development: Tutoring Solution, Human Growth and Development: Homework Help Resource, UExcel Social Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Social Psychology: Certificate Program, Social Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Educational Psychology: Tutoring Solution, UExcel Life Span Developmental Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Help and Review, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Tutoring Solution, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Human Growth & Development Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, DSST Lifespan Developmental Psychology Prep, Create an account to start this course today. Self-sufficiency and value independence, and placement of self-interest over collective interest. Culture, for a cultural-studies researcher, not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups)[50] and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices. Only managers and business executives need strong communication skills. d. Low-context 36. b. Exploring the World of Knowledge and Understanding. Military Manual." Solved > 31. Every country has a unique culture:1275997 | ScholarOn Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? I feel like its a lifeline. Unlock new opportunities and expand your reach by joining our authors team. Developers of social media should use the same design principles for all audiences. Germany Mexico Specifically, culture involves those meanings and practices held independently of reason. is created by a structured educational system. Ethnocentrism occurs in only Western cultures. Kim, Uichol (2001). As a result, there has been a recent influx of quantitative sociologists to the field. He noted that in Japan, it is important to take the time to build relationships with colleagues and clients, as this can greatly influence business outcomes. Gender Egalitarianism: The degree to which a collective minimizes gender inequality. All other. Japan New York: J.P. Putnam's Son, Jackson, Y. Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology, p. 203, Kant, Immanuel. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Proudly powered by WordPress b. These traits identify the cultural dimension of. According to research conducted by international business scholar Geert Hofstede, Japan is similar to China, South Korea, and India in terms of its high context culture. Which of the following countries would likely view a business contract as a binding document? c. Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. succeed. They are characterized by shared values, norms, and beliefs that develop over time. Answer Key. Create your account. Kindly login to access the content at no cost. Yolanda has taught college Psychology and Ethics, and has a doctorate of philosophy in counselor education and supervision. These critics considered folk music (as produced by "the folk," i.e., rural, illiterate, peasants) to honestly express a natural way of life, while classical music seemed superficial and decadent. Communicators in low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. In this sense, multiculturalism values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same planet. Low-context and high-context cultures are the ends of a continuum portraying how cultures communicate. b. This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. c. (d) Tesla [40] Culture has since become an important concept across many branches of sociology, including resolutely scientific fields like social stratification and social network analysis. A second major volume, "Culture and Leadership across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies" became available in early 2007. a. Which communication technology is used by companies today? "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" These communicators represent what kind of culture? Cultural sociology was then reinvented in the English-speaking world as a product of the cultural turn of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmodern approaches to social science. Culture can be either of two types, non-material culture or material culture. War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. This culture or common heritage has nothing to do with a common gene pool, formal education, or laws. China EXCEPT. The acceptance of the privileges that come with power; An expectation of power differences and inequality. [5] Non-material culture refers to the non-physical ideas that individuals have about their culture, including values, belief systems, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions, while material culture is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make or have made. Globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on Japans high context culture. and how much they try to avoid them is known as: ______ c.Social media offers very little potential for intercultural engagement. 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Businesses today generate a wide range of messages using a variety of media. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, action-oriented, and concerned with the individual. Future Orientation: The extent to which individuals engage in future-oriented behaviors such as delaying gratification, planning, and investing in the future. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that High-Context Culture: 4 Characteristics of High-Context Cultures Answer: d. business ethics. a. teaches : 1275997, Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. Franz Boas (18581942) was trained in this tradition, and he brought it with him when he left Germany for the United States. Advance Your Career", "A Physicist Experiments with Cultural Studies", "A Methodological Framework for the Sociology of Culture", "UNESCO Legal Instruments: Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999", "Karl von Habsburg auf Mission im Libanon". Check all that apply. House of the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania. Workers today communicate less than in previous years. However, there are some key differences between Japan and the other countries. 35. follow up important messages in writing. Monochronic vs. Polychronic Communication Styles | What Are Chronemics? Stress on horizontal relationships (such as the relationship between spouse and spouse) rather than vertical relationships (such as the relationship between parent and child). They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. The GLOBE Project Overview & Behavior Styles | What is the GLOBE Project? Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions: Theory, Purpose & Types | What is Cultural Dimension? Answer: Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. (2011), Lascaux et la conservation en milieu souterrain: actes du symposium international (Paris, 26-27 fv. 1) These norms can influence business practices, as they can affect the way people interact with each other, negotiate, and make decisions. b. "[27], In practice, culture referred to an elite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. Your email address will not be published. [16], Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change. Primitive copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. b.Ethnocentrism does not exist in today's culturally diverse workplace. This view paved the way for the modern understanding of religion. "[7], In 1986, philosopher Edward S. Casey wrote, "The very word culture meant 'place tilled' in Middle English, and the same word goes back to Latin colere, 'to inhabit, care for, till, worship' and cultus, 'A cult, especially a religious one.' A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group. In order to gain a better understanding of Japans high context culture, we interviewed several people who have lived and worked in the country. Thus, there is now a growing group of sociologists of culture who are, confusingly, not cultural sociologists. [citation needed] The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded. Related processes on an individual level include assimilation (adoption of a different culture by an individual) and transculturation. Culture is shaped by attitudes learned in adulthood. 38. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movementssuch as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empiredeveloped a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" (Weltanschauung). Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture,[32] in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially. High and Low Cultural Contexts - Intercultural Business Communication Starting in the 1990s,[57]:31 psychological research on culture influence began to grow and challenge the universality assumed in general psychology. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. Do you think Homer Plessy was rash or courageous for challenging the law requiring separate rail cars for African Americans and whites? Another facet of the Romantic movement was an interest in folklore, which led to identifying a "culture" among non-elites. The emphasis on family is evident in the way people refer to each other, with family members typically being referred to by their given name or title. 39. degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations Which of the following countries is considered a high-context a. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. Why does China limit its exports of rare-earth minerals? [34][35][36][37] The term Kulturbrille, or "culture glasses," coined by German American anthropologist Franz Boas, refers to the "lenses" through which a person sees their own culture.

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