Despite this fall from fame, Frazier remains a boxing legend forever. He staged an unsuccessful comeback attempt in 1981. I keep it everywhere I go. He has a nice face and appears very solicitous of his Dad. [62][63], In the late 1970s, Frazier created a soul-funk group called "Joe Frazier and the Knockouts", mentioned in Billboard and recording a number of singles. All Rights Reserved. Before the gym was put up for sale, Frazier, with the help of Peter Bouchard, formed the Smokin Joe Frazier Foundation, whose purpose was to give back to troubled and in-need youth. In 1990, he was the first member to be inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. It has not been an easy step to win the competition. In his three-year reign, he had the highest percentage of knockouts while never ever suffering the same fate himself. Frazier put the gym up for sale in mid-2009. On March 8, 1971, the two heavyweights met in Madison Square Garden in the fight billed as The Fight of the Century. During the build-up for the fight, the media-savvy Ali characterized Frazier as a champion of the white establishment, even calling him an Uncle Tom, which sparked some genuine hostility between the boxers. Your email address will not be published. WHYY offers a voice to those not heard, a platform to share everyones stories, a foundation to empower early and lifelong learners and a trusted space for unbiased news. I apologize for that. It was Futch who suggested that Frazier boycott the 1967 WBA Heavyweight Elimination Tournament to find a successor to Muhammad Ali after the Heavyweight Champion was stripped of his title for refusing to be inducted into the military, although Frazier was the top-ranked contender at the time. Frazier said, "They lied." In addition to Joe Frazier Jr., who now makes a living as a motivational speaker, and Jacqui Frazier-Lyde and Marvis Frazier, who followed in their fathers footsteps and became professional boxers, Derek Dennis Frazier, will also get his share of the spotlight in the upcoming season of Big Brother. In the second round, the referee had gone so far as to penalize Joe two points for hitting below the belt. The fight wasn't three minutes old and Frazier had been decked three times. Joes amateurish training gradually stopped and he soon weighed a hefty 220 pounds. However Johnson was known in the trade as "impossibly durable". He attended a segregated school, which, however, did not interest him much; Joe dropped out at the age of 14 and took up work at the neighbouring farms. [39] Ali called it a "white man's decision" and insisted that he won. Five years later, a developer agreed to buy the farmland for $1.8million. He owned and ran a gym in Philadelphia where he trained local athletes, including his own daughter, Jackie-Frazier-Lyde. People may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Oh damn, the thumb," Frazier said. When was Joe Frazier born? Frazier's son objected, so Frazier was instead shown beating up Gumble and putting him in a trash can. How much did Joe Frazier weigh when playing? It would be the first meeting of two undefeated heavyweight champions (and the last until Mike Tyson faced Michael Spinks in 1988) since Ali (310) had not lost his title in the ring but been stripped because of his refusal to be conscripted into the armed forces. . He also trained his daughter, Jacqui Frazier-Lyde, who became a WIBA world light-heavyweight champion whose most notable fight was a close majority decision points loss against Laila Ali, the daughter of his rival. Ring Magazine showed Bonavena afterwards with a gruesomely bruised face. After refusing induction into the armed forces, Ali was stripped of his title . Frazier fought Foreman again three years later and lasted five rounds before being stopped again. The International Boxing Research Organization rates Frazier among the ten greatest heavyweights of all time. Asked about his situation, Frazier became playfully defensive, but would not reveal his financial status. Who are you going to believe: an agent or the son who just wants his story out there?. In 1966, as Frazier's career was taking off, Durham contacted Los Angeles trainer Eddie Futch. Copyright 2023 Distractify. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Joe Frazier connects with a left to the jaw of Muhammad Ali during the 15th round of their title bout in New York, March 8, 1971. Frazier died on November 7, 2011, of liver cancer, according to an obituary posted by the New York Times. Joe Frazier is directed to his corner by referee Arthur Marcante after knocking down Muhammad Ali during their heavyweight title fight at Madison Square Garden in New York on March 8, 1971. Frazier, got his nickname Smokin Joe, from his trainer who would say Go out there goddammit and make smoke come from those gloves.. He was finally diagnosed with Stage 4 liver cancer on Oct. 6 and died on Nov. 7, so that tells you all you need to know., Responded Derek: Les is clearly upset that the truth has been exposed. [13], When Frazier was 15 years old, he had been working on a farm for a family named Bellamy. He and his nemesis, Muhammad Ali, alternated over the years between public apologies and public insults. Mr. Frazier was born on February 20, 1949 to the late Joseph Elmo Frazier and Burnice Elizabeth Thames. We Are Family: Directed by Steve Rotfeld. [51] In 1996, when Ali lit the Olympic flame in Atlanta, Frazier told a reporter that he would like to throw Ali into the fire and felt that he should have been chosen to light the flame. Frazier won his next fight, a 12-round decision over Joe Bugner, in London to begin his quest to regain the title. In a brutal and competitive contest, Frazier lost the first two rounds but was able to withstand Ali's combinations. A chunky man (5 feet 11 inches [1.8 metres] tall and weighing 205 pounds [92.9 kg]) with an aggressive style and a powerful left hook, he was likened to an earlier heavyweight champion, Rocky Marciano. Frazier had a total of 11 children, out of which son Marvis and daughter Jacqui Frazier-Lyde became professional boxers. As an amateur, Joe had lost only to Buster Mathias so he was eager to avenge the defeat when the duo met in the 1964 Olympic Games trials final, however, he was defeated yet again. Big Brother will follow the 16 houseguests every move, 24 hours a day. The land is now worth an estimated $100million. While, at the time, Dereks siblings declined to comment, Les Wolff, Joe Fraziers business manager denied Dereks claims. Widely regarded as one of the greatest heavyweight boxers of his generation, he was known for his strength, durability, formidable left hand, and relentless pressure fighting style and was the first boxer to defeat Muhammad Ali. He closed 1968 by again beating Oscar Bonavena via a 15-round decision in a hard-fought rematch. He soon moved to Philadelphia to stay with relatives and found work in a slaughterhouse, where he let his passion for boxing loose by punching the hanging sides of beef. After being diagnosed with liver cancer, Joe Frazier died in November 2011 at 67 years old. [28], He also wrote Box like the Pros,[29] "a complete introduction to the sport, including the game's history, rules of the ring, how fights are scored, how to spar, the basics of defence and offence, the fighter's workout, a directory of boxing gyms, and much more. Frazier appeared as himself in an episode of The Simpsons "Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes?" Soon, Jim saw Frazier and asked him why he told others what he had witnessed. Now in his second year, in September 1966 and somewhat green, Frazier won a close decision over rugged contender Oscar Bonavena, despite Bonavena flooring him twice in the second round. His style was often compared with that of Henry Armstrong and occasionally Rocky Marciano and was dependent on bobbing, weaving, and relentless pressure to wear down his opponents. Duke Dugent and his trainer, Yank Durham, were able to talk him out of his doldrums and even suggested that Frazier make the trip to Tokyo as an alternate in case something happened to Mathis. Turning professional, he went on to become the heavyweight champion of the world, the first American Olympic champion to do so. Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S. In March of 2021, "Smokin' Joe" was honored with a mural in his hometown of Philadelphia, Pa., but his greatest legacy to date is his kids. Frazier was diagnosed with liver cancer in late September 2011 and admitted to hospice care. To fill the vacancy, the New York State Athletic Commission held a bout between Frazier and Buster Mathis, who were undefeated going into the match, with the winner to be recognized as "World Champion" by New York State. He also triumphed in the Middle Atlantic Golden Gloves heavyweight championship for three consecutive years starting 1962. A sold out Madison Square Garden saw Frazier box Muhammad Ali in the battle of undefeated fighters. Frazier lost his undefeated record of 290 and his world championship, at the hands of the unbeaten George Foreman on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica. When the Fraziers drove away, Smith fired at them several times and hit Dolly in the foot and Rubin several times in his arm. Frazier had declined to participate in the WBA tournament to protest their decision to strip Ali. In 1981, he attempted an unsuccessful comeback in Chicago: he ended being defeated in 10 rounds by Floyd Cummings. [56][57], Frazier was diagnosed with liver cancer in late September 2011. Frazier's overall record was 32 wins, 4 losses, and 1 draw, with 27 wins by knockout. He was raised in a rural community of Beaufort called Laurel Bay. A familiar Philadelphia last name will be represented on the 23rd season of Big Brother on CBS. Frazier thought that was "a cynical attempt by Clay to make me feel isolated from my own people. Editor-in-chief Kevin Convey (on the right) presented Frazier with the, Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. Nine months eventually passed since he got the boot from the Bellamy farm. He was training the heavyweight contender Ken Norton, who lost a rematch against Ali less than two weeks before Durham's death. Joe Frazier, the former heavyweight champion whose furious and intensely personal fights with a taunting Muhammad Ali endure as an epic rivalry in boxing . In his career, he lost to only two fighters, both former Olympic and world heavyweight champions: twice to Muhammad Ali and twice to George Foreman. Learn more about Social Responsibility at WHYY. In 1959, at the age of 15, Joe finally left home to join his brother, Tommy. He defended his title successfully twice before losing to Foreman in January, 1973. Frazier's decisive win over Ellis was a frightening display of power and tenacity. The following month, Jimmy Ellis won a championship tournament (in which Frazier declined to participate) approved by the World Boxing Association (WBA). Frazier (260) retained his title by twice flooring the hard-punching Foster in the second round. Frazier emerged as the top contender in the late 1960s, defeating opponents that included Jerry Quarry, Oscar Bonavena, Buster Mathis, Eddie Machen, Doug Jones, George Chuvalo, and Jimmy Ellis en route to becoming undisputed heavyweight champion in 1970, and he followed up by defeating Ali by unanimous decision in the highly anticipated Fight of the Century in 1971. From the back windows of Derek Dennis Fraziers condo just beyond Cheltenham Avenue, its easy to see the church where thousands of people turned out to celebrate the life of his fallen father, Smokin' Joe, who died Nov. 7, 2011. On March 8, 1971, Frazier handed Muhammad Ali his first career defeat with his legendary left hook in the 15th round of what had been hailed as Fight of the Century at Madison Square Garden. He went on to fight German Hans Huber, eight years his senior. [16], Mathis had worn his trunks very high so that when Frazier hit Mathis with legitimate body shots, the referee took a dim view of them. My father was always there for me, always there when I needed him to be. But when Joe was around, nobody said anything." - "Town Watch" Tony Carroll whose friends lived across Oxford Street from the Fraziers in the early 1970s. The legal issues are just starting to surface. He appeared on-screen in the 8th series of The Celebrity Apprentice (USA) television show as a guest-attendee at a Silent Auction event held for the season finale (won by Joan Rivers). Beforehand, Ali had announced his retirement and relinquished the Heavyweight title, allowing Ellis and Frazier to fight for the undisputed title, but both lacked any lineal claim. His youngest son, Derek Dennis Frazier will be on Season 23 of 'Big Brother' but is Joe Frazier still alive? He was 27 and mentally and physically at his peak. Among his sons who turned to boxing as a career, Frazier helped train Marvis Frazier, a challenger for Larry Holmes's world heavyweight title. His sheer endurance, strength, agility, formidable punching power, including the left hook that he used successfully to knock out his opponents, are regarded as his most awesome qualities. Jesse Jackson, who spoke during the service, asked those in attendance to stand and "show your love" and reportedly Ali stood with the audience and clapped "vigorously".[49]. He trained out of his fathers gym and lost 50 pounds. He won a 32 decision.[19]. This proved fortuitous, as across the ring, Futch stopped the fight out of concern for his charge. Frazier had a total of 11 children, out of which son Marvis and daughter Jacqui Frazier-Lyde became professional boxers. He acted as a special referee for the 1984 NWA World Heavyweight Championship match between Dusty Rhodes and Ric Flair. In February, 1970, Frazier trounced Ellis, the WBA champion to become the undisputed world heavyweight boxing champion. Demoralized at not qualifying for the Olympic team, he made up his mind to quit the sport but Duke Dugent and Yank Durham prevailed upon him not to throw away his future. This wont be Fraziers first time in the public eye. The 29-year-old will be one of 16 houseguests hoping to bring home a $500,000 grand prize. Frazier died of complications arising out of liver cancer. But as I pounded away, I felt a jolt of pain shoot through my left arm. He fought just once before retiring for good, finishing his career with a record of 32 wins, 4 losses, and 1 draw. With another six wins under his belt, he became the heavyweight champion of the world by defeating Jimmy Ellis, the WBA champion with a fifth round TKO on February 16, 1970. Frazier was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. Frazier also spent time in hospital during the ensuing month, the exertions of the fight having been exacerbated by hypertension and a kidney infection. The competitive, exciting match with Quarry was named Ring Magazine fight of the year in 1969. he said. In 1984, Frazier was the special referee for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship match between Ric Flair and Dusty Rhodes at Starrcade '84. Ellis held impressive wins over Oscar Bonavena and Leotis Martin, among others. Joe Frazier and his mother walk through the woods in Beaufort on April 6, 1971. [20] During pre-fight physicals, after reading the eye chart with his right eye, when prompted to cover his other eye, Frazier switched hands but covered his left eye for a second time, and state athletic commission physicians seemed not to notice or act. After Durham died of a stroke on August 30, 1973, Futch was asked to succeed him as Frazier's head trainer and manager. Joe Frazier connects with a left to the jaw of Muhammad Ali during the 15th round of their title bout in New York, March 8, 1971. Frazier appeared in Champion Forever, a sports documentary along with Ali, Foreman, Holmes, and Norton. NPR's Morning Edition takes listeners around the country and the world with two hours of multi-faceted stories and commentaries that inform, challenge and occasionally amuse. [25] However, Dundee ignored Ali. "My left hook was a heat-seeking missile, careening off his face and body time and again. var _Hasync=_Hasync||[];_Hasync.push(['Histats.start','1,4553220,4,511,95,18,00000000']);_Hasync.push(['Histats.fasi','1']);_Hasync.push(['Histats.track_hits','']);(function(){var hs=document.createElement('script');hs.type='text/javascript';hs.async=true;hs.src=('//s10.histats.com/js15_as.js');(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(hs);})(); Joe Frazier has become the most popular person by his significant works. Shortly after the fight, Frazier announced his retirement. Futch proved invaluable to Frazier as an assistant trainer and helped modify his style. In all, Frazier had 11 children; sons Marvis, Hector, Joseph Rubin, Joseph Jordan, Brandon Marcus and Derek Dennis and daughters Jacqui, Weatta, Jo-Netta, Renae and Natasha. Joe Frazier's family remembers exactly where they were on March 8, 1971, when Frazier won one of the biggest heavyweight fights in history. Frazier told him to keep his pants up because he was not going to use his belt on him. While Ali taunted Frazier in the boxing ring, when his rival. His career comprised 32 wins; 73% won by knockout, 4 losses, and one draw. Ali went down after the blow. Frazier fought Mathias to win the championship title of New York State Athletic Commission in March 1968. No boxer had ever stopped Chuvalo, but Frazier, despite the stoppage, was unable to floor Chuvalo, who would never be knocked down in his entire career despite fighting numerous top names. One night, Frazier's Uncle Israel noticed his stocky build. Durham was Frazier's chief trainer and manager until Durham's death in August 1973. Joe Frazier weighed 180 lbs (81 kg) when playing. "[30], According to an article from The New York Times, "over the years, Frazier has lost a fortune through a combination of his own generosity and navet, his carousing, and failed business opportunities. Thats what Derek recalls about a September phone call that led to a doctors visit at which the physician deemed Joe Frazier to be OK. One of Joes closest friends said he never heard him speak of poisoning suspicions. Advertisement "We're a family business. A direct effect of this accomplishment is the fact that he has now become one of the richest persons on the entire planet. Box Like the Pros is an instruction manual, a historical reference tool and an insider's guide to the world's most controversial sport. Enthused by his uncles comment that he would be another Joe Louis, for the next 6-7 years, Joe practiced on a makeshift punching bag filled with moss, rags, bricks, and corncobs. He was my rock, everything that a father should be for a son, he said during an interview he granted last week to address the lies of family togetherness. On March 8, 1971, at Madison Square Garden, Frazier and Ali met in the first of their three bouts which was called the "Fight of the Century". Rubin Frazier and his wife, Dolly, had been in their car while Arthur Smith, who was drunk, passed by and made a move for Dolly but was rebuffed. Joe finally settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: "I climbed on the Dog's back and rode through the night. While his father was known for a reserved personality in the boxing ring, Frazier describes himself as loud, outgoing, and assertive. Peter Bouchard volunteered to run the foundation for Frazier. Joe toured widely in the US and Europe including Ireland, where among other places he performed in Donegal and Athy, County Kildare with his band. [53][54] In 2013, the gym was named to the National Register of Historic Places. A familiar Philadelphia last name will be represented on the 23rd season of Big Brother on CBS. Corrections? His son Marvis became a boxer and was trained by Joe Frazier himself. Weatta, who was only 7 years old at the time of the fight, explained that her father suffered from diabetes, which left him prone to injury during the match. Joe then told Bellamy he did not know what he was talking about. "My father was always there for me, always there when I needed him to be," Derek explained. AP Photo/File Ali famously called it, "The closest thing to dying that I know." Frazier sued his business partners, insisting his signature had been forged on documents and he had no knowledge of the sale. Ali went down after the blow. [26][58] Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier started off as friends. He then retired for good. Ali was taken to a hospital immediately after the fight to check that his severely-swollen right-side jaw was not actually broken. The two men had never met, but Durham had heard of Futch, who had a reputation as one of the most respected trainers in boxing. Joseph William Frazier (January 12, 1944 November 7, 2011), nicknamed "Smokin' Joe", was an American professional boxer who competed from 1965 to 1981. Frazier saw the event and went back to the packing house on the farm and told his black friends what he had seen. Frazier won via unanimous decision and had a knockdown in the 15th round with his signature left hook. In his 1996 autobiography Smokin' Joe: The Autobiography of a Heavyweight Champion of the World, Frazier consistently refers to Muhammad Ali as "Cassius Clay" and never deviates from that convention unless the book directly quotes someone else. On March 22, 1967, world heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali successfully defended his title for the ninth time, knocking out Zora Folley in the seventh round. My mind was on more important matters. In the ensuing years, the 140 acres was subdivided and turned into a residential community. "WE ARE FAMILY" a syndicated 1983 television sports documentary on boxing legend Joe Frazier, his boxer sons and nephews. The win again established Frazier as the top heavyweight challenger for the title, which Ali had won from Foreman in the famous "Rumble in the Jungle" five months earlier. The Machen win followed that contest. The Contestants on 'Big Brother' Could Be Paid $10,000 While on the Show. "[46] Ali also said in an interview, "I wasn't going to get on my knees and crawl and beg him to forgive me. He soon discovered his Beaufort street-fighting skills to be inadequate and determined to learn quickly. . In his first title defense, Frazier traveled to Detroit to fight World Light Heavyweight Champion Bob Foster, who would go on to set a record for the number of title defenses in the light-heavyweight division. In 1973, Frazier purchased 140 acres in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, for $843,000. The two grew to be friends throughout their careers. Frazier said, "Any 'scamboogah' [disrespectful, low-down and foul person] who got in my face would soon regret it; Billie Boy could kick anybody's ass." Ali called him an "Uncle Tom" and a pawn of the white establishment as Frazier called him Clay. Joe, who has 12 siblings himself, has a total of 11 children, one of which is featured on Season 23 of the veteran CBS reality series, Big Brother. "[citation needed], Frazier attempted to revive his music interests in late 2009/2010. "Are you asking me how much money I have?" This is because, in a series of recent interviews with NewsWorks, Derek a sophomore at Rowan University in South Jersey who attended St. Francis Xavier in Fairmount as a youth claimed family members and others hid from him the news that his father had taken ill. Several factors came together for Frazier in the fight. Joe Frazier's family remembers exactly where they were on March 8, 1971, when Frazier won one of the biggest heavyweight fights in history. Frazier rallied and won a close split decision after 10 rounds. Frazier's last world title challenge came in 1975, but he was beaten by Ali in the brutal rubber match, the Thrilla in Manila. Once Frazier's health declined, the foundation was shelved. According to reports, Joe married Florence Frazier, the mother of his first five kids, but later fathered children with five other women. At the 1964 Olympics, Joe ended up facing Hans Huber of Germany for the gold medal. [6] He died of complications from the disease on November 7, 2011. Frazier promoted the book with a memorable appearance on The Howard Stern Show on January 23, 1996. After Frazier won by a unanimous decision, he called upon Ali to fulfill his promise and crawl across the ring, but Ali failed to do so. Frazier released his autobiography in March 1996, entitled Smokin' Joe: The Autobiography of a Heavyweight Champion of the World, Smokin' Joe Frazier. Upon hearing of Frazier's death, Muhammad Ali said, "The world has lost a great champion. Joe was also persuaded to join up as a substitute to Mathias in the US boxing team for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. He thought that would weaken me when it came time to face him in that ring. However, Foreman lobbed a tremendous left hook that lifted Frazier off his feet. On Monday, March 8 friends and family members of former world heavyweight champion and Philadelphia sports legend Joe Frazier will dedicate and unveil a new 9-foot-tall, 1,600-pound statue on the . Some considered him to be the true champion, and the fight would crown the one true heavyweight champion. Joe first saw boxing action when the family bought a black and white television in the early 50s. Frazier appeared as himself in the Academy Award-winning 1976 movie, Rocky. Joe Frazier and Muhammad Ali statue set to be unveiled at Joe Hand Gym on the 50th anniversary of the Fight of the Century, California residents do not sell my data request. Frazier had to concede the match in the 14th round after his trainer refused to let him continue. Frazier lived in Philadelphia, where he owned and managed a boxing gym. Over the course of two rounds, Foreman managed to knock Frazier down six times en route to a technical knockout victory. The fight, known as the Thrilla in Manila, was for the heavyweight championship, and this time Ali was the winner by technical knockout after 14 grueling rounds. He drew over 10 rounds with hulking Floyd "Jumbo" Cummings in Chicago, Illinois. Updates? I'm sorry. "[47], Frazier told Sports Illustrated in May 2009 that he no longer held hard feelings for Ali. In 1976, Frazier (323) fought George Foreman for a second time, shaving his head for the fight. Joe Frazier, who beat Muhammad Ali in the Fight of the Century and battled him nearly to the death in the Thrilla in Manila, died Monday night after a brief battle with liver cancer at the age of 67. It was billed as the Fight of the Century and lived up to the hype. He said, "I'm still waiting [for him] to say it to me." "Tear that Rocky down and put Joe Frazier up! The other headliners from his fighting daysAli, George Foreman, and Larry Holmesare millionaires." By November 2011, he was under hospice care, where he died on November 7 at the age of 67. Joe Frazier has been married for a long time, which is well known to the public. Frazier fought on and beat Joe Bugner, lost a rematch to Ali, and beat Quarry and Ellis again. In a 2006 HBO documentary on the fight in Manila, Frazier was interviewed living in a one-room apartment on the second floor of his gym.[31]. His daughters are Jacqui, Weatta, Jo-Netta, Renae, and Natasha. At the time of his death on November 7, 2011, due to liver cancer, he was survived by Denise Menz, his partner of 40 years, and 11 children. Joes marriage with Florence ended in 1985. In a previous interview with Ring TV, Joes daughter, Weatta Frazier-Collins opened up about the day her father fought Muhammed Ali and made history. Joe was the first man to defeat the legendary Muhammad Ali. "[34], However, in the build-up to their first fight, the Fight of the Century, Ali turned it into a "cultural and political referendum" by painting himself as a revolutionary and civil rights champion and Frazier as the white man's hope. Daniels had earlier drawn with Jerry Quarry and Stander had knocked out Earnie Shavers. By Richard Goldstein. I'll catch up. After a few more fights, Frazier retired in 1976. He is a two-time lineal world heavyweight champion and an . As luck would have it, during an exhibition match with Frazier, Mathias broke his knuckle opening up a spot in the U.S. Olympic team. Futch instructed Frazier to watch Ali's right hand and, once Ali dropped it, to throw a left hook at the spot that they knew Ali's face would be a second later. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. On March 4, 1968, in a title bout sanctioned by the New York State Athletic Commission and similar bodies in other states, Frazier knocked out his old rival Mathis in 11 rounds.
Can Policy Market Interventions Cause Consumer Or Producer Surplus,
Don Julio Reserva Personal,
Articles J