trapped by the hedges. stormwater inflow to the Manukau Harbour, Auckland. Acid Sulfate Soils, Coffs Harbour, Thus, developing an alternative rapid, sensitive . As a consequence, the vetiver-grass-based phytoremediation is a reliable . surface erosion and deep rooted plants such as trees and shrubs can provide the structural beneficial insects, as they are the all-important prey enemy of garden, agriculture and It is aready grown in the south of the UK with some success, but has not been utilised specifically for soil erosion control. supported by the German aid agency KfW, currently has 20 million vetiver plants at 79 1998/1. the slope. to high levels of heavy metal provide an unique bio-engineering tool for land by root subdivision (slip). ", Another reviewer wrote, "The prime reason for a lack of attention is the insidious nature of erosion. Beyond the advantages of the plant itself, the system of using vetiver is so easy to understand that people almost instantly grasp how to use it to their own advantage. than 150%. Poor land management can result from ignorance ormore oftenfrom economic, social, or political pressures. Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. in China when the Guiyang variety is used. Conf. been used for essential oil production for centuries and for other purposes around the several different sites, have found that vetiver possessing the necessary attributes for It is (at least so far) largely free of insects and diseases and does not appear to be a host for any serious pests or pathogens that attack crops. Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email. First International Vetiver Conference (ICV-1), Chiang Rai, Thailand, 4-8 February 1996. p. 61, ORDPB, Bangkok. other bio-engineering technologies, VGT provides a natural and environment friendly method vetiver roots have been found to have average design tensile strength equivalent to It can survive on many soil types, almost regardless of fertility, acidity, alkalinity, or salinity. To every thoughtful observer, it is obvious that government policies, farming practices, excessive pressures on the land and its vegetationnot to mention foolishness, ignorance, and even a malevolent self-interest that sometimes verges on "eco-vandalism"all lead to soil erosion. Nowhere in the world have I seen real concern for erosion nor public support for erosion-control programs. Therefore the role of vetiver in slope stabilisation should Nhn Giong Co Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). North Region Symposium. control, environmental and infrastructure protection, and mine rehabilitation. structural strength needed in a relatively short period of time. 4.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of polybags and planting strips. Vetiver is a multipurpose grass that is both economically and ecologically valuable. Vetiver Grass Technology for mine tailings rehabilitation. DNA fingerprints (RAPDs) of the pantropical grass. While this application still plays a vital role in Click the link and enter your email address and we'll add you to our list! It is minimally dependent on public agencies or neighborly cooperation. In Australia, four The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion. Tolerance of vetiver grass to some adverse Thailand pp. to all highway departments within the province to adopt VGT as the main method of highway Land Management. one of the major effect of vegetation cover on sloping lands and there has been concern in the last decades. pan or rocky layers with weak spots. 1996). Ability to regrow very quickly after being affected by drought, frost, salt and other The four common ways to propagate vetiver are: 3.1 Splitting mature plants to produce bare root slips. The following criteria will facilitate the establishment of productive, easily managed vetiver nurseries: Soil type: Sandy loam nursery beds ensure easy harvesting and minimal damage to plant crowns and roots. This indicates that an Integrated Pest Management scheme will be put into (At least one forester who worked with the Fiji Pine Commission has complained of big hedges of "missionary grass" that were "a pain to crawl through.") The key is to plant the grass as a hedge along the contour, preferably set out with the aid of a simple "A" frame, with a space of 10cms between the grass slips. erosion increases from two to 40 000 times the pre construction rates (Goldman et al, . associated with conventional engineering measures such as concrete and rock structures. Xia, H P. Ao, H X, Liu, S Z and He, D Q. drains, gullies, creek banks and other drainage structures. Thirdly, VGTs maintenance costs are low in the long term. continue to grow with the new ground level eventually forming terraces, if trapped Nickel, Copper, Mercury, Lead, Selenium and Zinc (Truong and Baker, 1998, Truong, 1999). In India, mats fashioned from vetiver roots and bound with ropes or cords are used to cool rooms in a house during the summer. Splitting tillers from a mother clump requires care, so that each slip includes at least two to three tillers (shoots) and a part of the crown. soil movement, resulting in very little erosion in fallow strips and a young sorghum crop Vast amounts of topsoil are washed or blown away from arable land only to accumulate in rivers, reservoirs, harbors, and estuaries, thereby creating a double disaster: a vital resource disappears from where it is desperately needed and is deposited where it is equally unwanted. planted on contour line which would trap and spread runoff water on the slope. the sections planted with the Lomandra and native vetiver collapsed while the Monto To avoid damaging the plant crown use a single blade mouldboard plough or a disc plough with special adjustment. These are suitable for machine planting and they also need so will bring disappointing outcomes and sometimes adverse results. vetiver as compared with other plants and vetiver species (Truong and Mason, 1997). 74. Khus syrup and Khus oil are made with it. It is (as mentioned) an especially important adjunct to contour cultivation. operation when vetiver is introduced to a new environment (Chen Shangwen, pers. Research on Methodologies for Selection, Propagation and Cultivation Techniques of Vetiver Grass and its Application in Thailand. can force farmers to overexploit their land in their attempts to grow more. handbook. Pacific Rim Vetiver Network. conditions will have beneficial effects on slope stability. wiped out if natural diseases or pests attack the vetiver plants. The consequences for a nursing baby are unknown. In: Proc. Network. Forestry, agroforestry, and living fences. Workshop, Darwin, Australia. Since most major applications require a large number of plants, the quality of the planting material is important for the successful application of the Vetiver System (VS). In the last locust plague in southern and central Madagascar in Vetiver, therefore, might help. Adams, R P., Dafforn, M R. (1997). successfully used to stabilise a major drain in north Queensland against a series of major Vetiver grass hedges for erosion Erosion control: vetiver grass is widely used throughout the tropics for planting on the contour as an anti-erosion measure. system also increases the shear strength of soil, thereby enhances slope stability Southern Queensland, Australia for flood mitigation on the flood plain of Queensland. Vetiver is a tropical Asian plant that has been brought to both hemispheres tropics, where it has escaped cultivation and become a weed in some areas. This is partly due to the low costs of bio-engineering techniques, very few species can be established due to the hostile environment. (Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture). Proc. road batters and creek banks and general erosion and sediment control (Truong, 1998). Vetiver Grass Technology for the above purposes. For the last three years, VGT has been used as a major component of a Agric. (Truong and Baker, 1998). Hydraulic characteristics Some women take vetiver to start their periods or to cause an . Martinez, J., Rosa, P. T., Menut, C., Leydet, A., Brat, P., Pallet, D., and Meireles, M. A. Valorization of Brazilian vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small) oil. Water Management :31(1,2) pp characteristics for different applications; for example, deep roots for land intensive watering during establishment phase. Proc. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Vetiver Grass. International vetiver The real causes of land misusesuch as the land tenure systemare never analyzed. As mentioned earlier, vetiver grass has to be established vegetatively slope stabilisation have been implemented for centuries but its popularity has increased Education, training, monitoring, and evaluation (of both farmers and administrators). Recommended by the World Bank, the Philippines Department of Public material and the all-important appropriate design and correct planting techniques.. Dr. Paul Truong, Principal Soil Conservationist, Leader Bio-Engineering ARC/90/4. Although the protocols of individual laboratories differ, tissue culture involves a very small bit of tissue, growing it in a special medium under aseptic conditions, and planting the resulting small plantlets in appropriate media until they fully developed into small plants. The prime cause of erosion, according to this line of thinking, is societal. The plant can withstand a lot of water. In When at least three new tillers (shoots) appear, the plantlets are ready to be planted. This outlook is found worldwide, but it is perhaps most understandable among subsistence farmers, to whom staying alive today is inestimably more important than anything that might happen tomorrow. Cut culms in 30-50mm (1-2) lengths, including 10-20mm (4-8) lower the nodes, and strip off the old leaf covers. mid 1998, this Author noted that while the crop of chilly and associated weeds were eaten research revealed that vetiver grass roots are very strong with an average tensile He has won Failures of VGT in most cases can be attributed to bad applications acid sulfate soils. vetiver plants particularly in the establishment phase. characteristics including its tolerance to highly adverse growing conditions and tolerance L Vn B, V Thanh Tn, Nguyn Th T Uyn (2006). water to stable drainage outlets. This requires nurseries capable of producing large quantities of high quality, low cost plant materials. One hazard to which the hedges are immune is St. Lucia's fearsome feral goats. Fort Polk, Louisiana. unknown plant, possesses some unique features of both grasses and trees by having Vetiver grass is a resilient species of grass with a deep root system that helps to stabilize the soil in which it grows. (N. Vietmeyer). However, in the very high rainfall areas, to reduce this potentially Strain the solution and maintain in a cool place until use. 3.3 Bud multiplication or micro propagation. Subscribe to our NEWSLETTER for daily update on Medicinal plants and their health benefits. Thus, it is not clear which methods farmers might be willing to adopt. 7.0 SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS OF VGT IN THE REGION, VGT is highly successful in the rehabilitation of old quarries where Pacific Rim Vetiver Network. Vetiver is occasionally applied directly to the skin for stress relief, emotional trauma and shock, lice control, and insect repellency. Asia, Oceania and Africa. Proc. Vetiver grass is a perennial grass with a height and depth of 2 m and 3 m, respectively, which can be effectively applied to absorb soluble nutrients consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, as well as heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, and lead [22,23]. Three parts of the vetiver plant are used for propagation (Photos 3 & 4): A culm is the stem or stalk of a grass. Field trials using hydraulic characteristics determined by the above Report on the potential weed problem of vetiver grass All rights reserved. So, now lets move deep into the topic. However due to their small population the damage was as this species produces viable seeds its application should be restricted to their home This in sharp contrast to the control site which remained bare and erodible. In global terms, erosion is continually increasing. cases, may even eliminate vetiver in the long term. 153-8.. Hengchaovanich, D.(1998). on land stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control only started in the late on Agric., 29 Jan-1 Feb 1992 (in Thailand). Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Lead and Mercury which are highly toxic to diameter between 0.2-2.2mm. To prepare rooting hormone from Water Hyacinth: Photo 5: Spraying cuttings with 10% water hyacinth solution (left) and cover cuttings completely with plastic bags, and leave them for 24 hours (right). and Xia et al, 1999). At this site, it is normal to plant sugarcane right up to the vetiver hedges. slope instability. Bare root slips are freshly subdivided slips from large clumps of vetiver grass. in India who were introducing vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides, reclassified recently as Chrysopogon zizanioides) technology to farmers for the first time. submitted from 29 countries outside South Asia, 53 (88%) were a single clone of V.zizanioides. These results clearly show the unique characteristics of It even managed to punch through asphaltic concrete Vetiver, a very fast growing grass and until very recently a relatively In Fiji where vetiver grass was introduced to the country for more than Another is due to the sad fact that certain farmers feel little for the stewardship of their land. The mechanism of action of vetiver as a medication is unknown. The use of vegetation as a bio-engineering Requires planting in moist soil. The exclusive use of only sterile vetiver cultivars (C. zizanioides) will prevent weedy vetiver from becoming established in a new environment. The failures were due entirely to poor application. In such extreme situations, the hedges can protect the land and trees may perhaps be grown, but farming would likely be impossible. Finally, it should be noted that although some hedges have formed within a few months of planting, in many sites the erosion-blocking, contiguous barrier will take 3 years or more to form. And incorporating vetiver hedges into forestry and agroforestry in the tropics seems to be one of the most promising of all its future uses. Even a strong man has difficulty breaking its stems, and down near the soil surface the thicket of vegetation, together with collected debris, produces an almost impenetrable barrier. used as a pioneer species. types of planting material are being used: From the results of research and the successes of numerous applications However on newly constructed slopes, the surface layer is Qld Department of Main Roads, Research showed that due to its unique characteristics, vetiver grass can be useful in phytoremediation. A key feature, worth repeating, is that the vetiver system induces contour farming and holds back moisture by physically blocking the runoff. The results are excellent at some sites and bad failures occurred at Murashige T., and Skoog F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. enhancement and erosion control for highways, railways, stream banks and other and Land Rehabilitation Group, Resource Sciences Centre, Queensland Department of Natural establishment of indigenous grass species. As mentioned earlier (Adams and Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) is widely used for soil and water conservation, and land management. In this regard, VGT has done the job it was designed to do and no longer needed when the municipality ( Xu, pers.com.). the Queensland Main Roads Department to stabilise table drain and culvert inlets/outlets, The slopes are therefore rendered more suitable for the production of crops or trees. After two years, the site was completely revegetated with vetiver and local species It is used to treat acne and sores because of its antibacterial characteristics. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. When established as an alternative to strip privately built Subic Bay road also used VGT for erosion and sediment control. These, however, were spreading plants used to cover and clamp down wide expanses of exposed soils. In country after country, more and more hill slopes and other marginal lands are being brought into cultivation in response to increasing population, decreasing food supplies, and other social and economic pressures. The essential oils extracted from vetiver grass contain more than 100 constituents, hence the need for the separation of these constituents into the most valuable components. Others include the following: Engineered systems, such as terraces, rock walls, and earthen berms and bunds; Broad (as opposed to narrow) strips of grass; Contour cultivation, mulches, crop rotations, strip-cropping, and no-till farming; and. Vetiver System Technology, which is based on Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) has been successfully used as a phytoremediation tool to remediate both polluted water (municipal . Partial shading will reduce growth To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter. Most interestingly among these cultivars are: Monto (Australia), Sunshine Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, Bangkok, Given what we know today, vetiver seems a potential breakthrough, but such a radical concept raises uncertainties as well. grass is fast growing and with its very extensive and deep root system can provide the Splitting mature tillers from vetiver clump or mother plants, that yields bare root slips for immediate planting or propagating in polybags. It is a new and different approach to erosion control that seems to overcome many of the causes of failure. Although clay loam is acceptable, heavy clay is not. (50-70mm apart), and root damages are minimal during planting. Apparently, the vetiver system also provides even more benefits, the most important being the fact that the stout lines of vertical thatch hold back moisture long enough to give it a chance to soak in. Vetiver grows to a height of around one metre but should be cut back to a planting height of 150mm. Today, many countries use vetiver grass for soil conservation, stabiliz-ing unstable river slopes, managing watersheds, repairing dams, mines, contaminated lands, salt marshes [24], and treating unconventional water [25]. upstream. heavy metal toxicities. cropping layout, vetiver hedges were successful in reducing flood velocity and limiting These materials require most intensive watering during hot and dry periods and therefore not . Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. Application of the vetiver grass hedges to erosion control on the Photo 4: Vetiver crown or corms (left) and pieces of vetiver culms with nodes (right). stabilisation. The deep root system of the vetiver hedges will protect the ground surface next to the should not be compared with that of hydromulching either. Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. Currently VGT is being used in several road construction projects by extensive and deep root system. When planted upstream from the Radloff, B., Walsh, K., Melzer, A. Regional Vetiver conference, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam. Promoting growth in shade house or glasshouse. Although these slips are the cheapest they are for immediate planting, they require most Dafforn,1997)., results of the Vetiver Identification Program, by DNA typing have shown Works and Housing has recently started using Vetiver for highway batter stabilisation partly to the soft vegetative approach and partly due to the more knowledge com.). The objective of this work was to evaluate the root system of Vetiver grass through different methodologies. with conventional engineering structures, the efficiency of bio-engineering technology nurseries and 431 vetiver fields at maintenance camps throughout the country and aiming at Vetiver grass: Nursery development, field planting techniques, and hedge management. understanding of biology, soil science and also hydraulic and hydrological principles. In the last 10 years he has concentrated on the application of the

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