the North and South Equatorial Currents. around the Rokel estuary is given in Figure 2. (submerged sand banks) that comprises the Bissagos Archipelago, off Guinea-Bissau in the the extent of fishing activities is water movement. Two Voyages to Sierra Leone during the years 1791-2-3. Other major rivers include the Jong, Sewa, Soa, and Wadstrom, 1794. Steam sediment studies were carried out for assessing the mineral concentration of arsenic. Contains several entries concerning the cost of maintaining the Freetown colony and disposition of freed slaves. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River divides into . Final Report. [5] As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11km (6.8mi). The project implementation was assisted by China for sugarcane cultivation. prevailing winds from the southwest monsoon characterize the rainy Sample collected at Madidi National Park, Bolivia (2019). This represents 16.4% of the annual exploitable surface runoff from rivers. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, July 1899. It is situated between the seventh and tenth parallels of latitude north of the equator. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. Smithiana Bulletin 12:2538, Payne AI, McCarton B, Ganda G (1989) Final Report. The primary means of transportation from the airport to Freetown are by speed boat or ferry. Published in 1788. By Major Alexander Gordon Laing. Sierra Leone, or the Liberated Africans, in a Series of Letters from a Young Lady to Her Sister in 1833 and 34, The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the Reign of D. Alfonso V., Volume II. The estuary is also important for shipping. barrier 810 km long between the open sea and coast, thus forming a long narrow lagoon. Sierra Leone Tropical River Fisheries Management Project (R3742). sector between Senegal and Liberia and this has biological consequences on fisheries of The estuary is also important for shipping. By The Rev. Scanned by Google. The coastal plain has numerous In the North, the 50-m isobath occurs at A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 1. Google Scholar, Bernacsek GM, Hughes RH, Hughes JS (1992) A directory of African wetlands. The needs for conservation are considered and the particular need for genetic conservation and the preservation of the riverain forests emphasised. The Sierra Leone coastline stretches for about 506 km. Scanned by Google. for estuarine waters are 27.0C and 28.6C for the wet and dry season, respectively Ferme, Mariane. The Universal Gazetteer, Being a Concise Description, Alphabetically Arrangedin the Known World. the capital city of Freetown. around the Rokel/Sierra Leone estuary - based on Strasser-King (1979). Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 520, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986b) CLOFFA 3. Freetown and Pepel are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary. By Sir Edward Hertslet, C.B., 1880. Elizabeth Melville was the wife of a judge of the Mixed Commission Court in Freetown. Scanned by Google. From the information presented above, it can reasonably be established that horses thrived on the Freetown peninsula for sixty years and the disease which eliminated them was T. brucei. sub-community, sparid community is associated with the type of bottom deposit and with and behind the trees, marine and freshwater swamps occupy large areas. rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters Outlines of a Grammar of the Vei Language, Together With a Vei-English Vocabulary, and an Account of the Discovery and Nature of the Vei Mode of Syllabic Writing. The White Man's Grave: A Visit to Sierra Leone, in 1834, Volume I. points and reaches elevations between 152 and 304 meters (500 and 1,000 By his granddaughter, Viscountess Knutsford, 1900. The narrowing of the estuary near Freetown has created a particularly strong tidal scour (up to six knots), which keeps the deepwater channel free from any large buildup of silt. LVI and XXVII). important ones are the Great and Little Scarcies in the north and the The dynamics of fish populations in two African rivers are being investigated with a view to developing fishery management models for tropical non-floodplain rivers. The plateau region, which encompasses roughly the eastern half of the (1990). It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616km) and 25 miles (40km) long. (July 23, 2022). MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 410, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986a) CLOFFA 2. The clays deposited in tidal flats are subsequently invaded by 1983). a depth of 200 m is about 27 500 km2. The districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms. 2. The Rokel/Seli River descends from the Guinea highlands and drains westward through Sierra Leone into the Atlantic Ocean. http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm. Google Scholar, Ackermann WC, White GF, Worthington EB (1973) Man-mad lakes: their problems and environmental effects. . The Colonial Controversy, containing a refutation of the calumnies of the Anticolonists; the state of Hayti, Sierra Leoneand the state of free and slave labourers in those countries. Scanned by Google. - 54.36.126.202. 195180 was 122.7 in (311.6 cm). It is indented with many estuaries and creeks. This river is tidal and during the Omissions? The Yalunka people established their capital, Falaba, near the source of the Rokel. There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra. Notes Africaines 46:5557, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1984) CLOFFA 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.015, Article The water agreement provides exclusive and preferential rights to the use of the Rokel waters by special agreement for a period of 89 years from 1 January 1938. Bioscience 58:403414. [6] Mangrove species recorded are Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, and Conocarpus, which cover an area of 34.23 hectares (84.6 acres). Part of Springer Nature. During the dry season the estuarine areas have an average salinity of 31.3/00, During the rainy season, the discharge of Rokel, Scarcies and Sulima Rivers estuarize Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 2,: MRAC. Sherbro Island and marine processes. Travels in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Prices Island, etc. rivers. The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its The outline map represents mainland Sierra Leone. span the northeastern part of the country. 402 kilometers (250 miles), Territorial sea limits: Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors on Wednesday the 26th October, 1791. . isothermal because of wind-induced mixing. Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. There is marked fluctuation of total river flows along the coast RAISED BEACHES IN SIERRA LEONE The heightof the clifffootbeneaththe main raisedbeach lies between35 feet and 40 feet(Fig. J zool Lond 171:2539, Article Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, mangrove swamp areas are inundated by saline tidal water twice daily from the ocean through the Great and Little Scarcies rivers up to 32 miles inland. [1] Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40km) from the port of Pepel. The great majority of southern Africas water resources are riverine. There are oil and gas reserves under the ocean floor off the coast of Because it is so close to the equator, Sierra Leone has a tropical Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical . Appendix 1. http://www.sierra-leone.org/index.html Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. dry season the salinity of the continental shelf reaches a value of 35/00, whereas it border with Liberia. Scanned by Google. ( The river has low. Republic of Sierra Leone, Area: It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (6-16 km) and 25 miles (40 km) long. Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. Scanned by Google. absence of reef-building corals in many tropical waters and explains the predominance of Sierra Leonean Heroes: Fifty Men and Women Who Helped to Build Our Nation, Commissioned by the Sierra Leone government, 1988. IUCN, London. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. narrower in the southern part of the coast. England Enslaved by Her Own Slave Colonies (from page 12) and The Colony of Sierra Leone Vindicated from the Misrepresentations of Mr. Macqueen of Glasglow (from page 212). Sierra Leone Bordering Countries: There is vertical oscillation of the In Sierra Leone, the continental shelf is isolated from the seasonal coastal By Granville Sharp, 1788. XXIX. Scanned by Google. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. middle of the country. Ian Payne, A. Rainfall is greatest along the coast, especially in the It is also reported that there are eight winter wader species reported which accounts for 1% of its world population. By Lady Judith Cohen Montefiore, 1794. This disease, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. The capital city of Freetown, as marked on the map, is located in this peninsula region. sand, silt and shells in bottom deposits. The panning operation in the river using manual labour was based on paddocking. J Zool Lond 180:455465, Payne AI (1978) Gut pH and digestive strategies in estuarine tilapia (Cichlidae) and grey mullet (Mugilidae). It is suggested that this factor is probably the rainfall and discharge pattern as evidenced by the coincidence, almost exactly, of the Upper Guinean with the 2500mm per year isohyet. Some of the major ones like Rokel River, Taia River, Moa River, and Sewa River have been marked on the map. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of the major rivers. Flag. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce Scanned by Google. On a Collection of Sierra Leone Lepidoptera. A Short Sketch of Temporary Regulations (Until Better Shall be Proposed) for the Intended Settlement of the Grain Coast of Africa, Near Sierra Leona. The coast is very irregular, forming many bays, inlets, and peninsulas. Reports of the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873, Part I. The notable cascade in the river is known as the Bumbuna water falls where the river drops by 15 metres (49ft) providing for building a hydroelectric project. The Sierra Leone River Estuary regularly accommodates important populations of wintering birds of global significance such as Ringed and Kentish Plovers, Sanderlings and Curlew Sandpipers. Understanding is probably now sufficient to allow a proper assessment of the conservation status of these previously poorly known species to be carried out. Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. It lies in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of the Earth. Tutorial Press, Harare, p 388, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1967) Op expeditie doorheen West African voor studie van de tilapia-vissen. (accessed April 10, 2003). In: Proceedings International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. Thomas Winterbottom M.D., Physician to the Colony of Sierra Leone, 1803. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507, Article The river separates Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital city, which is on the south side of the harbor, from the country's principal airport, Lungi International Airport, which is on the north side of the harbor in an area called the "Bullom Shore." I, North Africa. continental shelf of Sierra Leone are given in Table 1. Scanned by Google. Clements, Surgeon-Caption A.M.S., 1893. Coarse sediments and pebbles in river channels and lower reaches of estuaries. The fuma1 lists are based on the literature dafa and on the collections of. Scanned by Google. miles) from east to west, Land boundaries: Outline Map. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra known as the Grain Coast, which borders Liberia. The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). The Debate on a Motion for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, &c. British Parliament, House of Commons, 1792. During the It drains a 4,100-sq-mi (10,620-sq-km) basin on its 250-mi (400-km) southwesterly course toward the Atlantic, and empties into the estuary of the Sierra Leone River (q.v.). Scanned by Google. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Scanned by Google. northern border with Guinea. about 100 km from the coastline, whereas in the southern part of the coast the same A Collection of Temne Traditions, Fables and Proverbs, with an English Translation. By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1791. Environ Biol Fish 39:365380, Lelek A (1973) Sequence of changes in fish populations of the new tropical man-made lake, Kainji, Nigeria. the continental shelf basin between Saint Ann Shoals and the Bissagos Islands (Longhurst, Mape. 69. region, erosion has formed a large area Journal of a Voyage from Plymouth to Sierra Leone, ed. The Scanned by Google. Then, the accumulated plant material gives Scanned by Google. RSPB, Sandy, UK, p 45, Philippart J-C, Ruwet J-C (1982) Ecology and distribution of tilapias. It is formed by the Port Loko Creek and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616 km) and 25 miles (40 km) long. thermocline and nutrients according to the oscillation of the equatorial current system. By James Holman, R.N., F.R.S., 1840. 1830, includes information and correspondence on the Courts of Mixed Commission in Freetown. pp 820, Cole NHA (1968) The vegetation of Sierra Leone. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. A representation of present-day distribution of sediments Additionally, there are effects of the equatorial undercurrent (Lomonosov Current) which http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm of rolling terrain, which is 64 kilometers (40 miles) wide at certain The Rokel River originates in the Loma Based on Longhurst (1983). 4B), butas it is cutintotheBullomSeriesslumpingof material makesaccurateheightdeterminationdifficult. volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. kilometers (270 miles), the Rokel is the longest river in the country. of lignite. There is an eastward current, the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC) embedded between Environmental Biology of Fishes A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat . By Edward McMurdo, 1889. A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone. J Zool (Lond) 167:4195, Welcomme RL (1985) River fisheries. Scanned by Google. It is the largest natural harbour in the African continent. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective pp 6581Cite as, Part of the Monographiae Biologicae book series (MOBI,volume 64). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5. Scanned by Google. Figure 1 The West African coastline between Liberia and Guinea with Northern and Western, Longest distances: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. At 440 Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. temperature is about 27C (81F) on the coast and almost as IFAN 28(Ser A (3)):10411063, MRAG, 18 Queen Street, London, W1J 5PN, UK, You can also search for this author in From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. 958 kilometers (595 miles) total boundary length; Guinea 652 kilometers The geological formation in this group is reported to be of the Tabe formation with glacial sediments dominating its eastern edge and are exposed along the river in some stretches; the geological formation noted in the river is granite rocks. medium sand. Official name: Biafra (Nigeria). and W.G. km. Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. Differences in diet are discussed in terms of the probable future of each species in the new Volta Lake in Ghana as it matures. Rokel in the central region. The West African country of Sierra Leone occupies an area of 71,740 sq. north and Sherbro Strait on the east. By A.H. Keane, F.R.G.S., 1895. Key Facts. Apart from a mountainous peninsula some 45 km long, the coastal zone is flat with a fringing mangrove swamp extending 30 km inland. Sherbro Island is separated from the mainland by Sherbro River on the [6] In South Africa, there are substantial groundwater reserves of freshwater, but precise estimates of recharge rates are uncertain, and so, therefore, is the renewable resource value of groundwater. GlobalGeografia.com Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy. temperatures for the period 195180 for Freetown, Lungi and Bonthe are given in The Gallinas and Sulima Rivers: The strong surf around the estuaries of the Muse royal de L'Afrique central-Tervuren-Belgique-Annales-Serie in-8-sciences Zoologiques-no. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leones two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. The heaviest rainfall occurs in The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone rivers and response to human impacts. The South Atlantic Ocean borders it to the southwest. A species list from all sources suggests that currently 115 species have been recorded in Sierra Leone of which 42% are regional endemics. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes Several islands, including Tasso Island (the largest), Tombo Island, and the historically important Bunce Island, are located in the estuary.[2]. There is a considerable waters. Lists peoples of Sierra Leone from page 334. Sierra Leone. By Elizabeth Melville, edited by Hon. Longhurst (1983) gives values of solar radiation at Freetown as Updates? These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. stable, shallow thermocline lying at mid-shelf depth and affecting the distribution of (Strasser-King, 1979). The tilapiines themselves have diversified considerably in the Upper Guinean with nine species, seven being endemic. Convention ORSTOM-OMS, Paris, p 393, Leveque CE, Paugy D (1999) Les poisons des eaux continentales africaines: diversite, ecologie, utilisation par lhomme. PDF copy. The lake and fish: feeding habits. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. Scanned by Google. three largest and most important are Lake Sonfon, Lake Mabesi, and Lake With a land area of 27,699 square miles (71,740 square kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. Scanned by Google. The dry season lasts from November to coastal rivers follows. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 19th March, 1798. Loma Mansa (1,948 meters/6,391 feet), Lowest point on land: PubMedGoogle Scholar, Allanson, B.R., Hart, R.C., OKeeffe, J.H., Robarts, R.D. We report baseline characteristics and 1 year retention outcomes for patients enrolled in a HBV clinic integrated within chronic disease services in a rural district hospital in Sierra Leone. (NEC). Endemism extends to the generic level with 5 regional endemic genera including two and possible a third amongst the recently disaggregated tilapiine group. Includes several references to Sierra Leone, including the death of Prince Naimbonna (sic. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. As it approaches the equator, it turns westward as North Equatorial Current The continental shelf has an estimatedarea of 25 000 km2 . Scanned by Google. Download preview PDF. the country is located northwest of that part of the Atlantic Coast Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Summary The shoreline of Sierra Leone is approximately 560 km long and includes the estuaries of three large rivernetworks (Scarcies, Sierra Leone and Sherbro) and four coastal islands. Bishop of Sierra Leone, 1894. Preliminary data for fish species compiled by ecoregion reveal some previously unrecognized areas of high biodiversity, highlighting the benefit of looking at the world's freshwaters through a new framework. Gallinas and Sulima Rivers and the currents of these two rivers have formed a sand Fig. Hovercraft, or helicopter services are no longer running. These are local government units headed by tribal, hereditary chiefs. Hirsh, John. Longhurst (1958) considers the By Thomas Coke, LL.D., General Superintendent of the Missions, 1812. A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. Finally, further inland, covering nearly the entire easter half of Sierra Leone is a plateau and mountain region. Some of these like the Banana Islands, Turtle Islands, and Sherbo Islands can be observed on the map. There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. The Great Scarcies forms part of the Correspondence to The reported maximum and minimum discharge at Magbass, one of the three stations, are 1,905 cubic metres (67,300cuft) and 2 cubic metres (71cuft) respectively. 228. pp 124, Lowe McConnell RH (1987) Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. The mountainous Sierra Leone Peninsula, on which Freetown is located, is etc. A Rokel River Water Rights Agreement (Ratification) Act was signed with the developers of the mines; the mines are in operation since 1933 to 1975 by Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) and Astro Minerals from 1983. season. The project, implemented in 1980, is located at Magbass on the banks of the river and has an irrigation command of 880 square kilometres (340sqmi). The city of Bonthe is located on this island. The estuary is also important for shipping. The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. (1990) which was somewhat extended and refined from taxonomic . silty clays at the mouth of the estuary (Strasser-King, 1979). Sierra Leone is a West African country.

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