We are not here distributing blame or pointing the finger of judgment. We have less than nine years to go until 2030, yet we are not on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. "When a man's way please the Lord," the Scriptures tell us, "he maketh even his enemies to be at peace with him." All we have built, all we have worked for, would be destroyed in the first 24 hours. Our diplomats are instructed to avoid unnecessary irritants and purely rhetorical hostility. Khrushchev was deeply moved and impressed by Kennedy's speech, telling Undersecretary of State Averell Harriman that it was "the greatest speech by any American President since Roosevelt."[13][14]. Kennedy continued: "What kind of peace do we seek? The speech was unusual in its peaceful outreach to the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War, and is remembered as one of Kennedy's finest and most important speeches. It would place the nuclear powers in a position to deal more effectively with one of the greatest hazards which man faces in 1963, the further spread of nuclear arms. We are both caught up in a vicious and dangerous cycle in which suspicion on one side breeds suspicion on the other, and new weapons beget counterweapons. This generation of Americans has already had enoughmore than enoughof war and hate and oppression. I speak of peace because of the new face of war. Delivered on 10 June 1963 at the American University in Washington, DC. We must conduct our affairs in such a way that it becomes in the Communists' interest to agree on a genuine peace. At the time he made that speech (I recall that as being the original form of that chapter) Algeria was still ruled by France. We need leaders with this kind of inspiring vision today! To adopt that kind of course in the nuclear age would be evidence only of the bankruptcy of our policy--or of a collective death-wish for the world. [3] The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed by the governments of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States (represented by Dean Rusk), named the "Original Parties", at Moscow on August 5, 1963. No treaty, however much it may be to the advantage of all, however tightly it may be worded, can provide absolute security against the risks of deception and evasion. Michael D. Mosettig, PBS NewsHour foreign affairs and defense. Solved What city is mentioned by President John F. Kennedy - Chegg Truly, as it was written long ago: "The wicked flee when no man pursueth." The Soviet leader subsequently told Under Secretary of State Averell Harriman that it was the greatest speech by any American president since Roosevelt. Ten days later, U.S. and Soviet negotiators reached a deal to set up a hotline between Washington and Moscow. When he addressed the graduates, he did not gloss over the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union. I hope they do. In this tribute, leading educators and visionaries comment on the impact of the speech and its relevance today. Speaking of other nations, I wish to make one point clear. If you are so inclined, we invite you to link to this web site from your piece: http://www.american.edu/jfk.". Our interests converge, however, not only in defending the frontiers of freedom, but in pursuing the paths of peace. Convention Speeches (81) Debates (171) Party Platforms (103) . It leads to the conclusion that war is inevitable--that mankind is doomed--that we are gripped by forces we cannot control. But we shall also do our part to build a world of peace where the weak are safe and the strong are just. Washington DC-Baltimore Area. But we can still hail the Russian people for their many achievementsin science; in space; in economic and industrial growth; in culture; in acts of courage. American Rhetoric: John F. Kennedy - American University Address "[7], Sorensen had been Kennedy's aide since the 1952 Massachusetts Senatorial election, and eventually served as his primary campaign speechwriter and as Special Counsel during and after the 1960 Presidential election. I realize that the pursuit of peace is not as dramatic as the pursuit of war--and frequently the words of the pursuer fall on deaf ears. (Thank you.). But I also believe that we must reexamine our own attitude--as individuals and as a Nation--for our attitude is as essential as theirs. Not a Pax Americana enforced on the world by American weapons of war. Today, should total war ever break out again--no matter how--our two countries would become the primary targets. All we have built, all we have worked for, would be destroyed in the first 24 hours. Man's reason and spirit have often solved the seemingly unsolvableand we believe they can do it again. For, in the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet. The Strategy of Peace [Kennedy, John Fitzgerald] on Amazon.com. So let us persevere. Our military forces are committed to peace and disciplined in self-restraint. "When a man's ways please the Lord," the Scriptures tell us, "he maketh even his enemies to be at peace with him." War and peace are contrasting states, one being defined by conflict involving the organized use of weapons and physical force by states or other large-scale groups and the other being an occurrence of harmony characterized by the absence of conflict and violence. In this tribute, leading educators and visionaries comment on the impact of the speech and its relevance today. However fixed our likes and dislikes may seem, the tide of time and events will often bring surprising changes in the relations between nations and neighbors. But that is a dangerous, defeatist belief. For, in the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet. It is an ironic but accurate fact that the two strongest powers are the two in the most danger of devastation. Stand Together. Segments from "A Strategy of Peace". JFK. June 10, 1963 - LinkedIn Finally, alluding to the struggle of blacks for civil rights, Kennedy acknowledged that peace without justice is hollow. with Heidi Campbell and Paul Brandeis Raushenbush Therefore, they can be solved by man. We do not need to jam foreign broadcasts out of fear our faith will be eroded. It would increase our securityit would decrease the prospects of war. Commencement Address at American University, Washington, D.C., June 10, 1963, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Total war makes no sense in an age when great powers can maintain large and relatively invulnerable nuclear forces and refuse to surrender without resort to those forces. March 23, 2023 But compared to most recent Presidents, he looks pretty damn good, especially in the way that he appealed to the hopes rather than fears of Americans. We have also been talking in Geneva about the other first-step measures of arms control designed to limit the intensity of the arms race and to reduce the risks of accidental war. New York: Random House. Kennedys speech that morning doesnt contain any especially memorable lines, certainly nothing that could compete with ask not what your country can do for you or "Ich bin ein Berliner." And we are all mortal. 40 Most Famous Speeches In History | HighSpark It makes no sense in an age when the deadly poisons produced by a nuclear exchange would be carried by wind and water and soil and seed to the far corners of the globe and to generations yet unborn. JFK Soaring Vision Anchored in Pragmatism - LinkedIn We will not be the first to resume." World peace, like community peace, does not require that each man love his neighbor--it requires only that they live together in mutual tolerance, submitting their disputes to a just and peaceful settlement. We need not accept that view. As Sorensen worked on the speech, White House officials scrambled to find an appropriate venue. The American University speech, titled "A Strategy of Peace", was a commencement address delivered by United States President John F. Kennedy at the American University in Washington, D.C., on Monday, June 10, 1963. We also lost gains that took us decades to achieve, especially on gender equality. Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave. We will not [applause] We will not be the first to resume. He also acknowledged the massive human casualties that Russia suffered during World War II and declared that no nation had "ever suffered more than the Soviet Union in the Second World War," a fact that had gone largely unheralded in the West due to the onset of the Cold War. And man can be as big as he wants. Kennedy sought to draw similarities between the United States and the Soviet Union several times and called for a "reexamination" of American attitudes towards Russia. JFK "Peace" Speech at American University -- Part 1 - YouTube PNP Change of Command Ceremony and Retirement Honors for - Facebook Our commitment to defend Western Europe and West Berlin, for example, stands undiminished because of the identity of our vital interests. Yet it is sad to read these Soviet statementsto realize the extent of the gulf between us. Some say that it is useless to speak of world peace or world law or world disarmament--and that it will be useless until the leaders of the Soviet Union adopt a more enlightened attitude. Third: Let us reexamine our attitude toward the cold war, remembering that we are not engaged in a debate, seeking to pile up debating points. And if we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe for diversity. In short, both the United States and its allies, and the Soviet Union and its allies, have a mutually deep interest in a just and genuine peace and in halting the arms race. We do not want a war. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave. No government or social system is so evil that its people must be considered as lacking in virtue. Among the many traits the peoples of our two countries have in common, none is stronger than our mutual abhorrence of war. A dominant premise during the Kennedy years was the need to contain communism at any cost. But surely the acquisition of such idle stockpileswhich can only destroy and never createis not the only, much less the most efficient, means of assuring peace. Today the expenditure of billions of dollars every year on weapons acquired for the purpose of making sure we never need to use them is essential to the keeping of peace. At least 20 million lost their lives. Televised Address on Nuclear Test Ban Treaty | JFK Library It is our hope-- and the purpose of allied policies--to convince the Soviet Union that she, too, should let each nation choose its own future, so long as that choice does not interfere with the choices of others. It is our hope and the purpose of allied policyto convince the Soviet Union that she, too, should let each nation choose its own future, so long as that choice does not interfere with the choices of others. Our commitment to defend Western Europe and West Berlin, for example, stands undiminished because of the identity of our vital interests. Video: Full Speech John F. Kennedy[10], Jeffrey Sachs, American economist and director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, was deeply moved by the speech, "not only for its eloquence and content, but also for its relevance to today's global challenges. We shall be prepared if others wish it. We must show it in the dedication of our own livesas many of you who are graduating today will have an opportunity to do, by serving without pay in the Peace Corps abroad or in the proposed National Service Corps here at home. The conclusion of such a treaty, so near and yet so far, would check the spiraling arms race in one of its most dangerous areas. For our long-term strategy, the communication of our ideals must become part of our strategy for peace. The quality and spirit of our own society must justify and support our efforts abroad. Just two years earlier Kennedy had told Americans that: Each day we draw nearer the hour of maximum danger, as weapons spread and hostile forces grow stronger.the tide of events has been running out and time has not been our friend. Blinken described China as the "most serious long-term challenge to the international order" but still "integral . I am taking this opportunity, therefore, to announce two important decisions in this regard. President Anderson, members of the faculty, board of trustees, distinguished guests, my old colleague, Senator Bob Byrd, who has earned his degree through many years of attending night law school, while I am earning mine in the next 30 minutes, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen: It is with great pride that I participate in this ceremony of the American University, sponsored by the Methodist Church, founded by Bishop John Fletcher Hurst, and first opened by President Woodrow Wilson in 1914. Western . I nonetheless love the so-called "Peace Speech" given exactly 50 years ago by President John F. Kennedy. Nor would such a treaty be a substitute for disarmament, but I hope it will help us achieve it. But it is also a warning--a warning to the American people not to fall into the same trap as the Soviets, not to see only a distorted and desperate view of the other side, not to see conflict as inevitable, accommodation as impossible, and communication as nothing more than an exchange of threats. It is an ironic but accurate fact that the two strongest powers are the two in the most danger of devastation. One month later, Khrushchev wrote Kennedy a letter stating "the time has come now to put an end once and for all to nuclear tests. Director of Strategy & Impact, Free Speech and Peace. Kennedy's words ring as true today as they did years ago as we continue building peace for all time. Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave. [8] By 1963 he had written drafts for nearly every speech Kennedy delivered in office, including the inaugural address, the Cuban Missile Crisis speech, and the Ich bin ein Berliner speech. And no nation in the history of battle ever suffered more than the Soviet Union in the Second World War. So which of the many foreign-policy themed commencement addresses was the most significant? Let us focus instead on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions -- on a series of concrete actions and effective agreements which are in the interest of all concerned. by Lindsay Maizland Speaking of other nations, I wish to make one point clear. Also, I just received the following email from Camille LePre of American University: "We were delighted to see your insightful piece in Scientific American about JFK's peace speech at American University! It makes no sense in an age when a single nuclear weapon contains almost ten times the explosive force delivered by all the allied air forces in the Second World War. Commencement addresses have figured prominently in American foreign policy. [and] to achieve world domination . Those alliances exist because our concern and theirs substantially overlap. It has been urgently sought by the past three administrations. Starting May 1, 2023, the Museum will be open 7 days a week from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. The crushing of liberty in Eastern Europe, the communist victory in China, the Korean war, and Khrushchev boasting that We will bury you! were just a few of the events that had convinced most Americans that the Soviet Union was an implacable foe. Genuine peace must be the product of many na-tions, the sum of many acts. Such a declaration is no substitute for a formal binding treaty, but I hope it will help us achieve one. And man can be as big as he wants. Released January 20, 1963. . By 1963, however, JFKs concern had changed. Kennedy noted that almost uniquely among the "major world powers" the United States and Russia had never been at war with each other. Too many think it unreal. But surely the acquisition of such idle stockpiles--which can only destroy and never create--is not the only, much less the most efficient, means of assuring peace. It is the responsibility of the executive branch at all levels of government--local, State, and National--to provide and protect that freedom for all of our citizens by all means within their authority." His remarks detailed a tough approach to China that nevertheless left the door open to diplomacy between the two countries on issues of common interest. World peace, like community peace, does not require that each man love his neighborit requires only that they live together in mutual tolerance, submitting their disputes to a just and peaceful settlement. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive After the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, Kennedy was determined to construct a better relationship with the Soviet Union to discourage another threat of nuclear war. First: Chairman Khrushchev, Prime Minister Macmillan, and I have agreed that high-level discussions will shortly begin in Moscow looking toward early agreement on a comprehensive test ban treaty. Eisenhower wanted to make sure that the European allies would go along with the shift in NATO strategy from an emphasis on conventional weapons to cheaper nuclear weapons. But most people are wrong. Professor Woodrow Wilson once said that every man sent out from a university should be a man of his nation as well as a man of his time, and I am confident that the men and women who carry the honor of graduating from this institution will continue to give from their lives, from their talents, a high measure of public service and public support. [5], However, Kennedy faced opposition for any test ban from Republican leaders and his own State Department. . Countless millions of homes and families were burned or sacked. And man can be as big as he wants. In too many of our cities today, the peace is not secure because the freedom is incomplete. It will require increased understanding between the Soviets and ourselves. Officially titled " The Strategy for Peace ," the speech was significant because it asked Americans to rethink the U.S. relationship with the Soviet Union and support finding ways for the two. "We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth: we will not eradicate violent conflict in our lifetimes." So, let us not be blind to our differences--but let us also direct attention to our common interests and to the means by which those differences can be resolved. Too many think it unreal. But it canif it is sufficiently effective in its enforcement and it is sufficiently in the interest of its signersoffer far more security and far fewer risks than an unabated, uncontrolled, unpredictable arms race. With such a peace, there will still be quarrels and conflicting interests, as there are within families and nations. Dirksen and Charles A. Halleck, the second-ranking House Republican, warned that the renewed negotiations might end in "virtual surrender. This will require a new effort to achieve world law--a new context for world discussions. Agreements to this end are in the interests of the Soviet Union as well as ours -- and even the most hostile nations can be relied upon to accept and keep those treaty obligations and only those treaty obligations which are in their own interest. We all breathe the same air. Yet it is sad to read these Soviet statements--to realize the extent of the gulf between us. It is discouraging to read a recent authoritative Soviet text on Military Strategy and find, on page after page, wholly baseless and incredible claimssuch as the allegation that American imperialist circles are preparing to unleash different types of war; that there is a very real threat of a preventive war being unleashed by American imperialists against the Soviet Union, and that the political aims, and I quote, "of the American imperialists are to enslave economically and politically the European and other capitalist countries and to achieve world domination by means of aggressive war", unquote. All we have built, all we have worked for, would be destroyed in the first 24 hours. Having survived the Cuban missile crisis, he worried about the risk of nuclear war, a risk that would grow as nuclear weapons spread. John Horgan directs the Center for Science Writings at the Stevens Institute of Technology. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and are not necessarily those of Scientific American. "War, in one form or another, appeared with the first man," Obama stated. We shall be alert to try to stop it. We have also tried to set an example for othersby seeking to adjust small but significant differences with our own closest neighbors in Mexico and Canada. So, let us not be blind to our differencesbut let us also direct attention to our common interests and the means by which those differences can be resolved.
